Volume 28, Number 9—September 2022
Research
Costs of Tuberculosis at 3 Treatment Centers, Canada, 2010–2016
Jonathon R. Campbell, Placide Nsengiyumva, Leslie Y. Chiang, Frances Jamieson, Hadeel Khadawardi, Henry K.-H. Mah, Olivia Oxlade, Hayden Rasberry, Elizabeth Rea, Kamila Romanowski, Natasha F. Sabur, Beate Sander, Aashna Uppal, James C. Johnston, Kevin Schwartzman
, and Sarah K. Brode
, and Sarah K. Brode
Table 1
Characteristics of patients initiating treatment for different forms of TB at 3 treatment centers, Canada, July 2010–June 2016*
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB infection, n = 90 | DS TB, n = 90 | INHR TB, n = 71 | MDR TB, n = 62 | |
| TB treatment center, province | ||||
| British Columbia Centre for Disease Control | 30 (33) | 30 (33) | 30 (42) | 11 (18) |
| West Park Healthcare Centre, Ontario | 30 (33) | 30 (33) | 27 (38) | 45 (73) |
| Montreal Chest Institute, Quebec |
30 (33) |
30 (33) |
14 (20) |
6 (9) |
| Year of treatment initiation | ||||
| 2010–2011 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (17) | 10 (16) |
| 2012–2013 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 13 (18) | 19 (31) |
| 2014 | 15 (17) | 1 (1) | 20 (28) | 15 (24) |
| 2015 | 42 (47) | 57 (64) | 22 (31) | 13 (21) |
| 2016 |
32 (35) |
32 (35) |
4 (6) |
5 (8) |
| Age | ||||
| Median (IQR) age, y |
36 (31–49) |
43 (30–62) |
44 (31–61) |
32 (27–47) |
| Sex | ||||
| F | 55 (61) | 50 (56) | 38 (54) | 34 (55) |
| M |
35 (39) |
40 (44) |
33 (46) |
28 (45) |
| Nativity | ||||
| Born in Canada | 11 (12) | 10 (11) | 9 (13) | 5 (8) |
| Born outside Canada |
79 (88) |
80 (89) |
62 (87) |
57 (92) |
| HIV status | ||||
| Positive | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Negative | 33 (37) | 69 (77) | 12 (17) | 59 (95) |
| Unknown |
57 (63) |
20 (22) |
59 (83) |
2 (3) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Has diabetes | 12 (13) | 13 (14) | 10 (14) | 10 (16) |
| Does not have diabetes | 74 (82) | 75 (83) | 60 (85) | 52 (84) |
| Unknown |
4 (4) |
2 (2) |
1 (1) |
0 |
| Hospitalization Information | ||||
| Hospitalized | 0 | 46 (51) | 47 (66) | 60 (97) |
| Median (IQR) duration, d |
NA |
24 (9–36) |
23 (17–69) |
99 (66–159) |
| Treatment information | ||||
| Median (IQR) duration, mo | 5.8 (4.0–9.0) | 8.9 (6.1–9.6) | 11.7 (9.1–16.7) | 21.2 (20.0–24.7) |
| Had to stop >1 drug because of adverse event | 7 (8) | 38 (42) | 29 (41) | 52 (84) |
| Median (IQR) drugs stopped because of adverse event |
0 (0–0) |
0 (0–1) |
0 (0–1) |
2 (1–3) |
| Cure or treatment complete | 77 (86) | 83 (92) | 63 (89) | 49 (79) |
| Incomplete treatment |
13 (14) |
7 (8) |
8 (11) |
13 (21) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Pulmonary TB only | NA | 68 (76) | 51 (72) | 47 (76) |
| Extrapulmonary TB | NA | 22 (24) | 20 (28) | 15 (24) |
| AFB smear positive | NA | 47 (52) | 35 (49) | 22 (35) |
| Cavities on chest x-ray |
NA |
30 (33) |
21 (30) |
15 (24) |
| Public health characteristics | ||||
| Used directly observed therapy | NA | 32 (36) | 33 (46) | 54 (86) |
| Mean (range) no. contacts | NA | 4 (0–30) | 8 (0–224) | 4 (0–97) |
*Data are no. (%) except as indicated. AFB, acid-fast bacilli; DS, drug-susceptible; INHR, isoniazid-resistant; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, not applicable; TB, tuberculosis.
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