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Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023
Research

Risk for Severe Illness and Death among Pediatric Patients with Down Syndrome Hospitalized for COVID-19, Brazil

Char LeungComments to Author , Li Su, Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva, Luisamanda Selle Arocha, Karina Mary de Paiva, and Patricia Haas
Author affiliation: Author affiliations: University of Leicester, Leicester, England, UK (C. Leung); University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK (C. Leung, L. Su, A.C. Simões-e-Silva, L.S. Arocha); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (A.C. Simões-e-Silva); University of Cambridge, Cambridge (L. Selle Arocha); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil (K.M. de Paiva, P. Haas)

Main Article

Table

Characteristics of patients with and without Down syndrome in a study of risk for severe illness and death among pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19, Brazil*

Characteristics
 No. participants
p value
With Down syndrome, n = 236
 Without Down syndrome, n = 14,448
Median age, y (IQR)
 3.4 (0.6–12.4)
3.6 (0.7–11.5)
 0.670
Sex, % N = 236 N = 14,440
M 50.0 53.9 0.237
F
 50.0
 46.1
Died, no. (%)
 56 (23.7)
 1,181 (8.2)
 <0.001
Median time to recover, d (IQR)
 8.5 (4.0–18.0), n =172
 5.0 (3.0–10.0), n = 11,919
 <0.001
Region, no. (%)
North 17 (7.2) 907 (6.3) 0.501
Northeast 42 (17.8) 3,350 (23.2) 0.052
Southeast 100 (42.4) 6,908 (47.8) 0.101
Center West 23 (9.7) 1,330 (9.2) 0.734
South
 54 (22.9)
 1,953 (13.5)
 <0.001
Ethnicity, no. (%) n = 191 n = 11,210
Caucasian 107 (56.0) 4,894 (43.7) 0.001
Asian 1 (0.5) 87 (0.8) >0.999
Hispanic 82 (42.9) 6,150 (54.9) 0.001
Indigenous 1 (0.5) 79 (0.7) >0.999
Missing
 42 (19.1), n = 236
 3,238 (22.4), n = 14,448
 0.238
Signs and symptoms, no. (%)
Asymptomatic 1 (0.4) 60 (0.4) >0.999
Abdominal pain 13 (5.5) 883 (6.1) 0.891
Anosmia 2 (0.8) 304 (2.1) 0.248
Ageusia 1 (0.4) 297 (2.1) 0.097
Coryza 18 (8.1) 1,470 (10.2) 0.328
Cough 134 (56.8) 8,909 (61.7) 0.138
Diarrhea 48 (20.3) 1,979 (13.7) 0.006
Dyspnea 141 (59.7) 7,059 (48.9) 0.001
Fatigue 23 (9.7) 1,250 (8.7) 0.559
Fever 163 (69.1) 9,676 (67.0) 0.530
Headache 6 (2.5) 800 (5.5) 0.043
Myalgia 1 (0.4) 387 (2.7) 0.023
Oxygen saturation <95% 139 (58.9) 5,400 (37.4) <0.001
Respiratory discomfort 141 (59.7) 6,612 (45.8) <0.001
Sore throat 31 (13.1) 1,941 (13.4) >0.999
Vomiting 41 (17.4) 2,447 (16.9) 0.861
Other symptoms
 77 (32.6)
 5,189 (35.9)
 0.306
Underlying conditions, no. (%)
Cardiovascular disease 84 (35.6) 505 (3.5) <0.001
Hematologic disease 4 (1.7) 274 (1.9) >0.999
Liver disease 2 (0.8) 68 (0.5) 0.311
Asthma 13 (5.5) 1,050 (7.3) 0.374
Diabetes 2 (0.8) 286 (2.0) 0.337
Neurologic disease 20 (8.5) 805 (5.6) 0.063
Pulmonary disease 11 (4.7) 301 (2.1) 0.018
Immunocompromised 16 (6.8) 513 (3.6) 0.013
Renal disease 6 (2.5) 189 (1.3) 0.137
Obesity
 6 (2.5)
 324 (2.2)
 0.658
Intervention, no. (%)
Antiviral against influenza 30 (12.7) 1,559 (10.8) 0.341
ICU admission 112 (47.5) 3,904 (27.0) <0.001
Ventilation 159 (67.4) 6,426 44.5) <0.001
Influenza vaccinate 18 (7.6) 981 (6.8) 0.601
COVID-19 vaccine 3 (1.3) 81 (0.6) 0.153

*ICU, intensive care unit.

Main Article

Page created: November 03, 2022
Page updated: December 21, 2022
Page reviewed: December 21, 2022
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