Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in 2 Free-Ranging Black Bears (Ursus americanus), Quebec, Canada
Benjamin T. Jakobek, Yohannes Berhane, Marie-Soleil Nadeau, Carissa Embury-Hyatt, Oliver Lung, Wanhong Xu, and Stéphane Lair
Author affiliations: Centre Québécois sur la Santé des Animaux Sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada (B.T. Jakobek, S. Lair); Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe (B.T. Jakobek, S. Lair); University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada (Y. Berhane); Canadian Food Inspection Agency National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Y. Berhane, C. Embury-Hyatt, O. Lung, W. Xu); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (Y. Berhane, O. Lung); Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation Laboratoire de Santé Animale, St. Hyacinthe (M.-S. Nadeau)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Maximum-clade credibility tree for influenza A virus antigen in black bears by immunohistochemical analysis, Quebec, Canada, inferred by using Bayesian and Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses for the H5 hemagglutinin gene. Shown are relationships among black bear strains from this investigation (red), European 2021 H5 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI strains (blue), and early Canada wild bird and poultry strains (purple). Colors and labels indicate the other H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroups.
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