Volume 29, Number 12—December 2023
Research
Cost of Acute and Sequelae Care for Japanese Encephalitis Patients, Bangladesh, 2011–2021
Rebeca Sultana
, Rose Slavkovsky, Md. Redowan Ullah, Zareen Tasnim, Sharmin Sultana, Shifat Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Shamsul Haque, Md. Tanvir Hossen, Md. Monjurul Islam, Jesmin Ara Khanom, Abrarul Haque, Arifa Nazneen, Nadia Ali Rimi, Kamal Hossain, Md. Tanbirul Islam, Shariful Hasan, Md. Shameem Yazdany, Md. Shamim Ahsan, Kamran Mehedi, Anthony A. Marfin, G. William Letson, Clint Pecenka, and An Le Thanh Nguyen
, Rose Slavkovsky, Md. Redowan Ullah, Zareen Tasnim, Sharmin Sultana, Shifat Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Shamsul Haque, Md. Tanvir Hossen, Md. Monjurul Islam, Jesmin Ara Khanom, Abrarul Haque, Arifa Nazneen, Nadia Ali Rimi, Kamal Hossain, Md. Tanbirul Islam, Shariful Hasan, Md. Shameem Yazdany, Md. Shamim Ahsan, Kamran Mehedi, Anthony A. Marfin, G. William Letson, Clint Pecenka, and An Le Thanh Nguyen
Table 2
Sociodemographic characteristics of patients with acute onset, initial sequelae, and long-term sequelae of Japanese encephalitis, Bangladesh, November 2011–December 2021
| Characteristic | Acute, n = 55 | Initial sequelae, n = 65 | Long-term sequelae, n = 90 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | |||
| Age, y, mean (SE) | 20 (3) | 22 (3) | 30 (3) |
| Age group, y | |||
| <18 | 34 (62) | 38 (58) | 40 (44) |
| 18–30 | 7 (13) | 8 (12) | 11 (12) |
| 31–40 | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 7 (8) |
| 41–50 | 4 (7) | 4 (6) | 6 (7) |
| 51–60 | 4 (7) | 7 (11) | 12 (13) |
| >60 | 5 (9) | 6 (9) | 14 (16) |
| Sex | |||
| M | 29 (53) | 35 (54) | 5 (62) |
| F |
26 (47) |
30 (46) |
34 (38) |
| Household | |||
| Location | |||
| Rural | 51 (93) | 59 (91) | 81 (90) |
| Urban | 4 (7) | 6 (9) | 4 (4) |
| Peri-urban | NA | NA | 5 (6) |
| No. members, mean (SE) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) | 5 (0) |
| No. income earners, mean (SE) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) |
| Monthly income, mean (SE) | 187 (21) | 193 (20) | 171 (11) |
| Income groups | |||
| <$117.54 | 20 (36) | 22 (34) | 39 (43) |
| $117.55–352.1 | 31 (56) | 38 (58) | 46 (51) |
| $352.62–587.68 | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 5 (6) |
| >$587.68 | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 0 |
| Monthly expense, mean (SE) | 203 (11) | 233 (18) | 202 (9) |
| Monthly expense, mean (SE)† | |||
| <$117.54 | 6 (11) | 9 (14) | 15 (17) |
| $117.55–235.07 | 31 (56) | 30 (46) | 45 (50) |
| $235.08–352.61 | 15 (27) | 16 (25) | 25 (28) |
| >$352.62 | 3 (5) | 10 (15) | 5 (6) |
| Monthly healthcare expense, mean (SE) |
28 (3) |
34 (6) |
27 (2) |
| Caregiver respondent | |||
| Relationship | 51 (93) | 61 (94) | 78 (87) |
| Mother | 19 (35) | 22 (34) | 26 (29) |
| Father | 18 (33) | 19 (29) | 29 (32) |
| Legal guardian | 8 (15) | 13 (20) | 10 (11) |
| Grandparent | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) |
| Aunt/uncle | 4 (7) | 4 (6) | 4 (4) |
| Sibling | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 5 (6) |
| Sex | |||
| M | 30 (55) | 33 (51) | 59 (66) |
| F | 25 (45) | 32 (49) | 31 (34) |
| Age, y, mean (SE) | 38 (2) | 37 (1) | 40 (1) |
| Age group, y | |||
| 18–30 | 16 (29) | 20 (31) | 18 (20) |
| 31–40 | 21 (38) | 25 (38) | 34 (38) |
| 41–50y | 12 (22) | 12 (18) | 24 (27) |
| 51–60 | 4 (7) | 7 (11) | 8 (9) |
| >60 | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 6 (7) |
| Education | |||
| None | 12 (22) | 15 (23) | 23 (26) |
| Primary school | 9 (16) | 14 (22) | 23 (26) |
| Secondary school | 24 (44) | 18 (28) | 23 (26) |
| Higher secondary school | 8 (15) | 15 (23) | 11 (12) |
| Some college or technical school training | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 2 (4) | 3 (5) | 9 (10) |
*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. All monetary amounts are in US dollars. NA, not applicable (other groups located in urban and rural areas only.) †Odd US$ are used in income categories because they were based on Bangladesh currency.
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Page updated: November 18, 2023
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