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Volume 29, Number 12—December 2023
Research

Cost of Acute and Sequelae Care for Japanese Encephalitis Patients, Bangladesh, 2011–2021

Rebeca SultanaComments to Author , Rose Slavkovsky, Md. Redowan Ullah, Zareen Tasnim, Sharmin Sultana, Shifat Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Shamsul Haque, Md. Tanvir Hossen, Md. Monjurul Islam, Jesmin Ara Khanom, Abrarul Haque, Arifa Nazneen, Nadia Ali Rimi, Kamal Hossain, Md. Tanbirul Islam, Shariful Hasan, Md. Shameem Yazdany, Md. Shamim Ahsan, Kamran Mehedi, Anthony A. Marfin, G. William Letson, Clint Pecenka, and An Le Thanh Nguyen
Author affiliations: icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh (R. Sultana, M.R. Ullah, Z. Tasnim, S. Khan, A. Haque, A. Nazneen, N.A. Rimi, K. Hossain); PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA (R. Slavkovsky, A.A. Marfin, G.W. Letson, C. Pecenka); Institute of Epidemiology Diseases Control and Research, Dhaka (S. Sultana, T. Shirin); Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, Dhaka (M.S. Haque, M.T. Hossen, M.M. Islam, J.A. Khanom); World Health Organization, Dhaka (M.T. Islam); Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh (S. Hasan); Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh (M.S. Yazdany); Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh (M.S. Ahsan); PATH, Dhaka (K. Mehedi); PATH, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (A.L.T. Nguyen)

Main Article

Table 3

Societal and household costs of acute, initial, and long-term sequelae Japanese encephalitis patients, Bangladesh, November 2011–December 2021*

Cost parameter Acute, n = 55
 Initial sequelae, cost/mo, n = 65
 Long-term sequelae, cost/mo, n = 90
No. Mean (SE)
 Median No. Mean (SE)
 Median No. Mean (SE) Median
Cost to society
Direct medical 55 370 (32) 298 62 18 (3) 9 80 10 (2) 3
Drugs 55 219 (25) 167 62 8 (1) 4 79 7 (1) 1
Diagnostic tests 53 116 (12) 89 12 15 (5) 8 7 5 (2) 2
Procedures/interventions 18 22 (9) 6 4 25 (12) 20 3 8 (8) 1
Consult/registration fees 48 11 (2) 7 25 9 (2) 4 19 4 (2) 2
Medical equipment 8 14 (4) 9 10 10 (3) 7 10 11 (4) 6
Other medical 11 3 (1) 2 4 7 (4) 3 4 2 (0) 2
Direct nonmedical 55 221 (20) 180 58 11 (2) 6 72 8 (2) 3
Travel 55 97 (10) 82 55 4 (1) 2 56 2 (0) 1
Lodging and meals 52 111 (13) 71 32 8 (2) 2 34 6 (2) 3
Telephone 54 10 (1) 8 24 0 (0) 0 30 0 (0) 0
Patient care 13 30 (9) 12 14 8 (2) 4 15 11 (3) 6
Housework 2 3 (3) 3 6 2 (0) 2 9 4 (2) 2
Other care/tasks 2 47 (41) 47 3 3 (1) 2 6 6 (2) 3
Indirect 53 351 (48) 250 39 75 (17) 29 48 54 (11) 18
Total cost to society
 55
 929 (68)
 909
62
 75 (13)
 33
84
 47 (8)
 14
Cost to household
Direct medical 54 270 (24) 224 61 17 (2) 9 79 10 (2) 2
Drug 54 136 (18) 100 61 7 (1) 4 77 7 (1) 2
Diagnostic tests 51 107 (11) 89 10 17 (5) 11 7 4 (2) 2
Procedures/interventions 12 22 (12) 5 4 25 (12) 2 3 8 (8) 1
Consult/registration fees 47 10 (2) 7 23 8 (2) 5 19 4 (2) 2
Medical equipment 8 15 (4) 9 10 10 (3) 7 10 11 (4) 6
Other medical 11 3 (1) 2 4 7 (4) 3 4 2 (0) 2
Direct nonmedical 55 221 (20) 180 58 11 (2) 6 72 8 (2) 3
Travel 55 97 (10) 82 55 4 (1) 2 56 2 (0) 1
Lodging and meals 52 111 (13) 71 32 8 (2) 2 34 6 (2) 3
Telephone 54 10 (1) 8 24 0 (0) 0 30 0 (0) 0
Patient care 13 30 (9) 12 14 8 (2) 4 15 11 (3) 6
Housework 2 3 (3) 3 6 2 (0) 2 9 4 (2) 2
Other care/tasks 2 47 (41) 74 3 3 (1) 2 6 6 (2) 3
Indirect costs 53 351 (48) 250 39 75 (17) 29 48 54 (11) 18
Total cost to household
 55
 825 (64)
 797
62
 74 (13)
 33
84
 47 (8)
 14
Cost to healthcare system
Drugs 54 88 (14) 52 11 4 (20) 1 6 5 (3) 2
Diagnostic tests 18 39 (10) 18 2 2(1) 2 1 4 (0) 4
Procedures/interventions 11 13 (4) 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Consult/registration fee 5 11 (4) 8 3 11 (8) 4 NA NA NA
Total cost to healthcare system 54 106 (14)
 66 13 6 (3)
 3 7 5 (2)
 3

*Costs are in US$. Acute group costs are the total amount, and sequelae group costs are monthly amounts. The cost values are calculated for persons for whom such costs were incurred, indicated by the sample size n in the table. NA, not applicable.

Main Article

Page created: November 14, 2023
Page updated: November 18, 2023
Page reviewed: November 18, 2023
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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