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Volume 29, Number 12—December 2023
Research

Work Attendance with Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018–2022

Faruque AhmedComments to Author , Mary Patricia Nowalk, Richard K. Zimmerman, Todd Bear, Carlos G. Grijalva, H. Keipp Talbot, Ana Florea, Sara Y. Tartof, Manjusha Gaglani, Michael Smith, Huong Q. McLean, Jennifer P. King, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, C. Hallie Phillips, Karen J. Wernli, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R. Chung, and Amra Uzicanin
Author affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (F. Ahmed, B. Flannery, J.R. Chung, A. Uzicanin); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (M.P. Nowalk, R.K. Zimmerman, T. Bear); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (C.G. Grijalva, H.K. Talbot); Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA (A. Florea, S.Y. Tartof); Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple (M. Gaglani); Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA (M. Gaglani, M. Smith); Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA (H.Q. McLean, J.P. King); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.T. Martin, A.S. Monto); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.H. Phillips, K.J. Wernli)

Main Article

Table 2

Reported work location among adults with influenza, COVID-19, or other acute respiratory illness who were scheduled to work, United States, 2018–2022*

Period No. (%)
Day before illness Day 1 of illness Day 2 of illness Day 3 of illness
Prepandemic influenza seasons n = 1,358 n = 2,515 n = 2,372 n = 2,304
Work location
Onsite only 1,161 (85.5)† 1,464 (58.2)† 1,002 (42.2)† 920 (39.9)†
Hybrid 41 (3.0) 75 (3.0) 66 (2.8) 52 (2.3)
Remote only 46 (3.4) 215 (8.5) 217 (9.2) 202 (8.8)
Did not work
 110 (8.1)
 761 (30.3)
 1,087 (45.8)
 1,130 (49.0)
COVID-19 pandemic period n = 2,188 n = 2,509 n = 2,418 n = 2,382
Work location
Onsite only 1,676 (76.6) 1,239 (49.4) 644 (26.6) 561 (23.5)
Hybrid 73 (3.3) 83 (3.3) 42 (1.8) 43 (1.8)
Remote only 251 (11.5) 380 (15.1) 474 (19.6) 440 (18.5)
Did not work 188 (8.6) 807 (32.2) 1,258 (52.0) 1,338 (56.2)

*We excluded persons with only remote work experience before illness onset (560 for day before illness, 676 for day 1, 689 for day 2, and 677 for day 3) and those with missing work location (41 for day before illness, 74 for day 1, 55 for day 2, and 50 for day 3). †p<0.001 (comparison of prepandemic to pandemic period for specified day).

Main Article

Page created: November 02, 2023
Page updated: November 18, 2023
Page reviewed: November 18, 2023
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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