Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023
Research
Increased Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica I Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- Infections Associated with Pork, United States, 2009–2018
Ian D. Plumb
, Allison C. Brown, Erin K. Stokes, Jessica C. Chen, Heather Carleton, Beth Tolar, Preethi Sundararaman, Amy Saupe, Daniel C. Payne, Hazel J. Shah, Jason P. Folster, and Cindy R. Friedman
, Allison C. Brown, Erin K. Stokes, Jessica C. Chen, Heather Carleton, Beth Tolar, Preethi Sundararaman, Amy Saupe, Daniel C. Payne, Hazel J. Shah, Jason P. Folster, and Cindy R. Friedman
Table 2
Characteristics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- infections, United States, 2009–2018*
| Characteristics | PFGE link to MDR clade |
Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linked, n = 1,427 | Not linked, n = 1,733 | |||
| Age group, y | ||||
| <1 | 90 (6.3) | 119 (6.9) | Referent | Referent |
| 1–17 | 529 (37.1) | 661 (38.1) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) |
| 18–64 | 641 (44.9) | 738 (42.6) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.42 (1.02–1.97) |
| >65 |
167 (11.7) |
215 (12.4) |
1.03 (0.73–1.44) |
1.28 (0.88–1.86) |
| Sex | ||||
| M | 704 (49.3) | 874 (50.4) | Referent | Referent |
| F |
723 (50.7) |
859 (49.6) |
1.04 (0.91–1.20) |
1.02 (0.88–1.19) |
| Race and ethnicity | N = 1,259 | N = 1,494 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 643 (51.1) | 995 (66.6) | Referent | Referent |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 225 (17.9) | 219 (14.7) | 1.59 (1.29–1.96) | 1.66 (1.34–2.06) |
| Hispanic | 235 (18.7) | 174 (11.6) | 2.09 (1.68–2.60) | 2.26 (1.8–2.83) |
| Other, non-Hispanic |
156 (12.4) |
106 (7.1) |
2.28 (1.75–2.97) |
2.46 (1.88–3.23) |
| International travel |
107 (8.4), n = 1,277 |
78 (5.2), n = 1,499 |
1.67 (1.23–2.25) |
1.62 (1.17–2.24) |
| Clinical outcome | ||||
| Hospitalized | 389 (27.8), n = 1,401 | 488 (29), n = 1,680 | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) |
| Died | 7 (0.5), n = 1,392 | 7 (0.4), n = 1,685 | 1.21 (0.42–3.46) | 1.40 (0.43–4.54) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Values exclude 612 isolates without PFGE information. Among sequenced clinical PulseNet isolates collected during 2015–2018 that also had PFGE information, 2,070/3,007 (69%) belonged to a clade associated with ASSuT resistance that contained 275 PFGE patterns; these patterns were identified in 7/937 (0.8%) isolates outside the clade. ASSuT, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline; MDR, multidrug resistant; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. †Adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity.
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