Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023
Research
Relationship between Telework Experience and Presenteeism during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, March–November 2020
Table 1
Characteristics of employed adults seeking ambulatory medical care or testing at COVID-19 testing sites, United States, March–November 2020*
Characteristic | Experience with telework before illness |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes, n = 205 | No, n = 742 | ||
Site | <0.05† | ||
Michigan | 18 (8.8) | 42 (5.7) | |
Pennsylvania | 101 (49.3) | 437 (58.9) | |
Texas | 49 (23.9) | 169 (22.8) | |
Washington |
37 (18.1) |
94 (12.7) |
|
Illness onset period | <0.01† | ||
Spring 2020, March–June | 109 (53.2) | 484 (65.2) | |
Fall 2020, July–November |
96 (46.8) |
258 (34.8) |
|
Mean age, y (SD) |
42.4 (11.1) |
39.4 (11.6) |
<0.001‡ |
Sex | <0.05† | ||
M | 69 (33.7) | 188 (25.3) | |
F |
136 (66.3) |
554 (74.7) |
|
Race/ethnicity | |||
White, non-Hispanic | 169 (82.8) | 590 (79.8) | |
Black, non-Hispanic | 6 (2.9) | 60 (8.1) | |
Other, non-Hispanic | 14 (6.9) | 39 (5.3) | |
Hispanic, any race |
15 (7.4) |
50 (6.8) |
|
Education | <0.001† | ||
Less than high school, high school diploma, or GED | 5 (2.4) | 92 (12.4) | |
Some college, including vocational and associate's degree | 32 (15.6) | 285 (38.5) | |
Bachelor's degree | 68 (33.2) | 214 (28.9) | |
Advanced degree |
100 (48.8) |
149 (20.2) |
|
Healthcare personnel | <0.001† | ||
No | 130 (63.4) | 351 (47.3) | |
Yes |
75 (36.6) |
391 (52.7) |
|
Self-rated general health status | |||
Excellent | 40 (19.5) | 100 (13.5) | |
Very good | 89 (43.4) | 308 (41.6) | |
Good | 61 (29.8) | 270 (36.4) | |
Fair/poor |
15 (7.3) |
63 (8.5) |
|
Smokes or vapes | |||
No | 173 (84.4) | 617 (83.2) | |
Yes |
32 (15.6) |
125 (16.9) |
|
Median hours worked in a typical week before illness (10th, 90th percentile) |
40 (36, 60) |
40 (32, 48) |
<0.001§ |
Fully or mostly recovered from illness at follow-up¶ | <0.05† | ||
No | 22 (11.2) | 124 (17.7) | |
Yes |
175 (88.8) |
577 (82.3) |
|
Among persons fully or mostly recovered from illness, median duration of illness, d (10th, 90th percentile) |
10 (4, 17) |
10 (4, 17) |
|
COVID-19 case | <0.001† | ||
Yes | 31 (15.1) | 200 (27.0) | |
No | 174 (84.9) | 542 (73.1) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. †By χ2 test. ‡By Student t test. §By Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ¶Data not available for 49 persons.