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Volume 29, Number 2—February 2023
Research

Relationship between Telework Experience and Presenteeism during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, March–November 2020

Livvy Shafer, Faruque AhmedComments to Author , Sara Kim, Karen J. Wernli, Michael L. Jackson, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Todd Bear, Richard K. Zimmerman, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Manjusha Gaglani, Michael Reis, Jessie R. Chung, Brendan Flannery, and Amra Uzicanin
Author affiliations: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (L. Shafer); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L. Shafer, F. Ahmed, S. Kim, J.R. Chung, B. Flannery, A. Uzicanin); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (K.J. Wernli, M.L. Jackson); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (M.P. Nowalk, T. Bear, R.K. Zimmerman); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.T. Martin, A.S. Monto); Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA (M. Gaglani, M. Reis); Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple (M. Gaglani, M. Reis)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of employed adults seeking ambulatory medical care or testing at COVID-19 testing sites, United States, March–November 2020*

Characteristic Experience with telework before illness
 p value
Yes, n = 205 No, n = 742
Site <0.05†
Michigan 18 (8.8) 42 (5.7)
Pennsylvania 101 (49.3) 437 (58.9)
Texas 49 (23.9) 169 (22.8)
Washington
 37 (18.1)
 94 (12.7)
Illness onset period <0.01†
Spring 2020, March–June 109 (53.2) 484 (65.2)
Fall 2020, July–November
 96 (46.8)
 258 (34.8)
Mean age, y (SD)
 42.4 (11.1)
 39.4 (11.6)
 <0.001‡
Sex <0.05†
M 69 (33.7) 188 (25.3)
F
 136 (66.3)
 554 (74.7)
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 169 (82.8) 590 (79.8)
Black, non-Hispanic 6 (2.9) 60 (8.1)
Other, non-Hispanic 14 (6.9) 39 (5.3)
Hispanic, any race
 15 (7.4)
 50 (6.8)
Education <0.001†
Less than high school, high school diploma, or GED 5 (2.4) 92 (12.4)
Some college, including vocational and associate's degree 32 (15.6) 285 (38.5)
Bachelor's degree 68 (33.2) 214 (28.9)
Advanced degree
 100 (48.8)
 149 (20.2)
Healthcare personnel <0.001†
No 130 (63.4) 351 (47.3)
Yes
 75 (36.6)
 391 (52.7)
Self-rated general health status
Excellent 40 (19.5) 100 (13.5)
Very good 89 (43.4) 308 (41.6)
Good 61 (29.8) 270 (36.4)
Fair/poor
 15 (7.3)
 63 (8.5)
Smokes or vapes
No 173 (84.4) 617 (83.2)
Yes
 32 (15.6)
 125 (16.9)
Median hours worked in a typical week before illness (10th, 90th percentile)
 40 (36, 60)
 40 (32, 48)
 <0.001§
Fully or mostly recovered from illness at follow-up¶ <0.05†
No 22 (11.2) 124 (17.7)
Yes
 175 (88.8)
 577 (82.3)
Among persons fully or mostly recovered from illness, median duration of illness, d (10th, 90th percentile)
 10 (4, 17)
 10 (4, 17)
COVID-19 case <0.001†
Yes 31 (15.1) 200 (27.0)
No 174 (84.9) 542 (73.1)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. †By χ2 test. ‡By Student t test. §By Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ¶Data not available for 49 persons.

Main Article

Page created: December 06, 2022
Page updated: January 21, 2023
Page reviewed: January 21, 2023
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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