Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 29, Number 3—March 2023
Research

Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in University Setting

Megan LandryComments to Author , Sydney Bornstein, Nitasha Nagaraj, Gary A. Sardon, Amanda Castel, Amita Vyas, Karen McDonnell, Mira Agneshwar, Alyson Wilkinson, and Lynn Goldman
Author affiliation: The George Washington University Milliken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA

Main Article

Table 2

Characteristics of survey respondents by long COVID status for postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in university setting, Washington, DC, USA*

Characteristic Total, n = 1,338 No long COVID, n = 833 Long COVID,† n = 475 p value
Age, y median (IQR)
23 (21–32)
23 (21–33)
23 (21–30)
0.265
Sex, n = 1,327 0.002
F 841 (63.4) 497 (59.1) 344 (40.9)
M
486 (36.6)
328 (67.5)
158 (31.5)

Race/ethnicity, n = 1,319 0.089
Non-Hispanic White 734 (55.7) 439 (59.8) 295 (40.2)
Asian 175 (13.3) 119 (68.0) 56 (32.0)
Non-Hispanic Black 175 (13.3) 117 (66.9) 58 (33.1)
Hispanic 117 (8.9) 77 (65.8) 40 (34.2)
Other 70 (5.3) 37 (52.9) 33 (47.1)
Multiracial
48 (3.6)
32 (66.7)
16 (33.3)

Affiliation 0.115
Students 982 (73.4) 599 (61.0) 383 (39.0)
Faculty/staff
356 (26.6)
234 (65.7)
122 (34.3)

Underlying conditions‡, n = 1,262 0.003
No 949 (75.2) 613 (64.6) 336 (35.4)
Yes
313 (24.8)
173 (55.3)
140 (44.7)

Smoking status, n = 1,259 0.028
Never 1,045 (83.0) 655 (62.7) 390 (37.3)
Former/current
214 (17.0)
117 (54.7)
97 (45.3)

Vaccination status at time of positive test result <0.0001
Fully vaccinated with booster 555 (41.5) 411 (74.1) 144 (25.9)
Fully vaccinated 400 (29.9) 213 (55.6) 170 (44.4)
Not fully vaccinated
383 (28.6)
209 (52.3)
191 (47.7)

Any symptoms at time of positive test result, n = 1,328 <0.0001
No 278 (20.9) 231 (83.1) 47 (16.9)
Yes
1,050 (79.1)
595 (56.7)
455 (43.3)

Symptom type at time of positive test result, n = 1,050
Congestion/cough/sore throat/runny nose 966 (92.0) 549 (56.8) 417 (43.2) 0.713
Headache 538 (51.2) 275 (51.1) 263 (48.9) 0.0002
Fatigue 537 (51.1) 256 (47.7) 281 (52.3) <0.0001
Chills/measured fever/subjective fever 471 (44.9) 240 (51.0) 231 (49.0) 0.0008
Muscle pain 326 (31.1) 148 (45.4) 178 (54.6) <0.0001
Chest pain/shortness of breath 189 (18.0) 67 (35.5) 122 (64.5) <0.0001
Diarrhea/nausea/vomiting 181 (17.2) 78 (43.1) 103 (56.9) <0.0001
Loss of taste/smell 180 (17.1) 86 (47.8) 94 (52.2) 0.008
Other
59 (5.6)
28 (47.5)
31 (52.5)
0.142
Symptom count, median (IQR)
4 (1–6)
3 (0–5)
5 (3–8)
<0.0001
Sought medical care, n = 1,336 <0.0001
No 1,290 (96.6) 819 (63.5) 471 (36.5)
Yes
46 (3.4)
12 (26.1)
34 (73.9)

Received monoclonal antibodies, n = 1,331 0.0012
No 1,258 (94.5) 788 (62.6) 470 (37.4)
Unknown 48 (3.6) 33 (68.8) 15 (31.2)
Yes 25 (1.9) 7 (28.0) 18 (72.0)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range. †Long COVID was defined as experiencing >1 of the following symptoms lasting for >28 d after a respondent’s 10-day isolation period ended: difficulty driving, difficulty having conversations, difficulty making decisions, difficulty thinking, fatigue, feeling anxious, feeling depressed or sad, loss of smell, loss of taste, memory loss, muscle pain, muscle weakness, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, trouble sleeping, worsening of symptoms after physical activity, worsening of symptoms after mental activity, or other symptoms. ‡Includes diabetes, asthma, hypertension, obesity, sickle cell disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, lung diseases, serious heart conditions, and other conditions.

Main Article

Page created: December 15, 2022
Page updated: February 19, 2023
Page reviewed: February 19, 2023
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external