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Volume 29, Number 5—May 2023
Research

Case–Control Study of Long COVID, Sapporo, Japan

Toshiaki Asakura1, Takashi Kimura1Comments to Author , Isaku Kurotori, Katabami Kenichi, Miyuki Hori, Mariko Hosogawa, Masayuki Saijo, Kaori Nakanishi, Hiroyasu Iso, and Akiko Tamakoshi
Author affiliations: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (T. Asakura, T. Kimura, I. Kurotori, K. Kenichi, A. Tamakoshi); National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (M. Hori, M. Hosogawa, H. Iso); Health and Welfare Bureau, Sapporo (M. Saijo, K. Nakanishi)

Main Article

Figure 5

Co-occurrence network of symptoms among case-patients and controls in a case–control study of long COVID, Sapporo, Japan. A–E) Patients experiencing symptoms were queried at various timepoints after illness onset 2–3 mo (A), 4–6 mo (B), 7–9 mo (C), 10–12 mo (D), and 13–18 mo (E). F) Controls. Circle size and edge width are weighted based on number of occurrences; no edge indicates occurrence <0.5% of eligible participants. Counterclockwise order is based on the prevalence of each symptom at 2–3 months; we included the top 16 symptoms prevalent at 2–3 months from COVID-19 diagnosis. AGU, ageusia; AJS, arthralgia or joint swelling; ANS, anosmia; AP, alopecia; BF, brain fog; CO, cough; CP, chest pain; DAC, diminished ability to concentrate; DYP, dyspnea; FA, fatigue; FV, fever (temperature >37°C); HA, headache; MW, muscle weakness; PA, poor appetite; PHG, pharyngalgia; RNR, rhinorrhea.

Figure 5. Co-occurrence network of symptoms among case-patients and controls in a case–control study of long COVID, Sapporo, Japan. A–E) Patients experiencing symptoms were queried at various timepoints after illness onset 2–3 mo (A), 4–6 mo (B), 7–9 mo (C), 10–12 mo (D), and 13–18 mo (E). F) Controls. Circle size and edge width are weighted based on number of occurrences; no edge indicates occurrence <0.5% of eligible participants. Counterclockwise order is based on the prevalence of each symptom at 2–3 months; we included the top 16 symptoms prevalent at 2–3 months from COVID-19 diagnosis. AGU, ageusia; AJS, arthralgia or joint swelling; ANS, anosmia; AP, alopecia; BF, brain fog; CO, cough; CP, chest pain; DAC, diminished ability to concentrate; DYP, dyspnea; FA, fatigue; FV, fever (temperature >37°C); HA, headache; MW, muscle weakness; PA, poor appetite; PHG, pharyngalgia; RNR, rhinorrhea.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 13, 2023
Page updated: April 18, 2023
Page reviewed: April 18, 2023
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