Volume 29, Number 7—July 2023
Dispatch
Increased Hospitalizations Involving Fungal Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, January 2020–December 2021
, Stacey Adjei, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Ya-Lin A. Huang, Tom Chiller, Kaitlin Benedict, and Mitsuru Toda
Table 3
Demographic features and outcomes of patients with fungal infections by COVID-19 status in study of increased hospitalizations involving fungal infections during COVID-19 pandemic, United States, January 2020–December 2021*
| Characteristics | Any fungal infection | COVID-19–associated | Non–COVID-19–associated | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. hospitalizations |
39,423 |
5,288 |
34,135 |
NA |
| Median age, y (range) |
61 (47–72) |
63 (52–72) |
61 (46–72) |
<0.01 |
| Sex‡ | ||||
| M | 22,779 (57.8) | 3,166 (59.9) | 19,613 (57.5) | <0.01 |
| F |
16,634 (42.2) |
2,121 (40.1) |
14,513 (42.5) |
<0.01 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, NH | 18,359 (46.6) | 2,131 (40.3) | 16,228 (47.5) | <0.01 |
| Black, NH | 5,907 (15.0) | 771 (14.6) | 5,136 (15.0) | 0.38 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5,002 (12.7) | 993 (18.8) | 4,009 (11.7) | <0.01 |
| Asian, NH | 878 (2.2) | 106 (2.0) | 772 (2.3) | 0.24 |
| Other, NH | 1,331 (3.4) | 210 (4.0) | 1,121 (3.3) | 0.01 |
| Unknown |
7,946 (20.2) |
1,077 (20.4) |
6,869 (20.1) |
0.68 |
| US census region | ||||
| South | 16,241 (41.2) | 2,141 (40.5) | 14,100 (41.3) | 0.26 |
| West | 10,914 (27.7) | 1,538 (29.1) | 9,376 (27.5) | 0.01 |
| Midwest | 7,385 (18.7) | 943 (17.8) | 6,442 (18.9) | 0.07 |
| Northeast |
4,883 (12.4) |
666 (12.6) |
4,217 (12.4) |
0.62 |
| Urban location |
35,938 (91.2) |
4,801 (90.8) |
31,137 (91.2) |
0.31 |
| Healthcare utilization and outcomes | ||||
| Median length of stay, d (range) | 10 (5–20) | 21 (11–35) | 9 (4–17) | <0.01 |
| ICU-level care | 15,808 (40.1) | 3,703 (70.0) | 12,105 (35.5) | <0.01 |
| IMV receipt | 11,076 (28.1) | 3,407 (64.4) | 7,669 (22.5) | <0.01 |
| In-hospital death | 6,758 (17.1) | 2,566 (48.5) | 4,192 (12.3) | <0.01 |
*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NA, not applicable; NH, not Hispanic or Latino. †p values were calculated by using χ2 tests for categorical variables or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables, comparing COVID-19–associated and non-COVID-19–associated hospitalizations for fungal infections. Given the heterogeneous nature of fungal infections and their associated risk factors, underlying medical conditions were not analyzed. ‡Sex was unknown for 10 hospitalizations (1 COVID-19–associated, 9 non-COVID-19–associated). Those data were excluded from the χ2 test calculation.