Volume 30, Number 3—March 2024
Synopsis
Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022
Delia D. Djuicy, Serge A. Sadeuh-Mba1, Chanceline N. Bilounga, Martial G. Yonga, Jules B. Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Gael D. Essima, Linda Esso, Inès M.E. Nguidjol, Steve F. Metomb, Cornelius Chebo, Samuel M. Agwe, Placide A. Ankone, Firmin N.N. Ngonla, Hans M. Mossi, Alain G.M. Etoundi, Sara I. Eyangoh, Mirdad Kazanji, and Richard Njouom
Table 1
Molecular diagnostic and epidemiologic characteristics suspected and confirmed mpox cases in a study of concurrent clade I and clade II monkeypox virus circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022*
| Epidemiologic characteristics | MPXV real-time PCR, no. (%) |
Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | |||
| Total no. (%), n = 137 |
32 (23.36) |
105 (76.64) |
||
| MPXV clades | ||||
| Clade I, n = 12 | 12 (100.00) | NA | NA | 1 |
| Clade II, n = 18 |
18 (100.00) |
NA |
NA |
|
| Sex | ||||
| M, n = 74 | 21 (28.38) | 53 (71.62) | Referent | 0.142 |
| F, n = 62 |
11 (17.74) |
51 (82.26) |
1.84 (0.81–4.19) |
|
| Age | ||||
| Minimum | 0 | 0 | NA | 0.075 |
| 1st quartile | 8.5 | 4 | NA | |
| Median | 21.5 | 10 | NA | |
| Mean | 21.69 | 15.64 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | |
| 3rd quartile | 32.25 | 22.5 | NA | |
| Maximum |
52 |
75 |
NA |
|
| Age group, y | ||||
| 0–10, n = 66 | 10 (15.15) | 56 (84.85) | Referent | 0.101 |
| 11–20, n = 24 | 6 (25.00) | 18 (75.00) | 1.87 (0.60–5.85) | |
| 21–30, n = 18 | 6 (33.33) | 12 (66.67) | 2.8 (0.85–9.19) | |
| >30, n = 27 |
10 (37.04) |
17 (62.96) |
3.29 (1.17–9.24) |
|
| Born before 1980 | ||||
| Y, n = 124 | 27 (45.45) | 97 (54.55) | Referent | 0.092 |
| N, n = 11 |
5 (21.77) |
6 (78.23) |
3.07 (0.86–10.88) |
|
| Born before 2002 | ||||
| Y, n = 90 | 16 (17.78) | 74 (82.22) | Referent | 0.025 |
| N, n = 45 |
16 (35.56) |
29 (64.44) |
2.55 (1.13–5.77) |
|
| Occupation | ||||
| Underage/none, n = 29 | 6 (20.69) | 23 (79.31) | Referent | 0.067 |
| Pupil/student, n = 54 | 8 (14.81) | 46 (85.19) | 0.67 (0.21–2.15) | |
| Health worker, n = 4 | 2 (50.00) | 2 (50.00) | 3.07 (0.84–11.17) | |
| Farmer, n = 18 | 8 (44.44) | 10 (55.56) | 3.83 (0.44- 33.11) | |
| Others†, n = 14 |
5 (35.71) |
9 (64.28) |
2.13 (0.52–8.77) |
|
| Contact with human case | ||||
| Y, n = 57 | 17 (29.82) | 40 (70.18) | Referent | 0.304 |
| N, n = 56 | 10 (17.86) | 46 (82.14) | 0.51 (0.21–1.24) | |
| Unknown, n = 3 |
1 (33.33) |
2 (66.67) |
0.17 (0.10–13.86) |
|
| Contact with animal | ||||
| Y, n = 37 | 12 (32.43) | 25 (67.57) | Referent | 0.143 |
| N, n = 69 | 11 (15.94) | 58 (84.06) | 0.40 (0.15–1.0) | |
| Unknown, n = 7 |
2 (28.57) |
5 (71.43) |
0.88 (0.14–4.93) |
|
| Contact with wild or domestic animal | ||||
| Domestic animal, n = 13 | 3 (23.08) | 10 (76.92) | Referent | 0.06 |
| Wild animal, n = 13 | 6 (46.15) | 7 (53.85) | 2.86 (0.53–15.47) | |
| No contact, n = 69 |
11 (15.94) |
58 (84.06) |
0.63 (0.15–2.67) |
|
| Travel history | ||||
| Y, n = 21 | 5 (23.81) | 16 (76.19) | Referent | 0.831 |
| N, n = 96 |
25 (26.04) |
71 (73.96) |
0.89 (0.29–2.67) |
|
| Geographic distribution | ||||
| Adamawa, n = 1 | 0 | 1 (100.00) | Referent | 0.831 |
| Centre, n = 32 | 11 (34.36) | 21 (65.63) | 0 to ∞ | |
| East, n = 23 | 3 (13.04) | 20 (86.96) | 0 to ∞ | |
| Far-North, n = 2 | 0 | 2 (100.00) | 0 to ∞ | |
| Littoral, n = 4 | 1 (25) | 3 (75.00) | 0 to ∞ | |
| North, n = 1 | 0 | 1 (100.00) | 0 to ∞ | |
| North-West, n = 25 | 6 (24.00) | 19 (76.00) | 0 to ∞ | |
| South, n = 9 | 1 (11.00) | 8 (88.89) | 0 to ∞ | |
| South-west, n = 39 | 10 (25.64) | 29 (74.36) | 0 to ∞ | |
| Other‡ | 0 | 1 | 0 to ∞ | |
*Bold text indicates statistical significance. Some categories might not add to 100% because of missing data. Missing data were not accounted for in the statistical analysis. MPXV, monkeypox virus; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio. †Others include teachers, traders, driver or motorbiker, housewife, informal, retired. ‡Equatorial Guinea.
1Current affiliation: Maryland Department of Agriculture, Salisbury, Maryland, USA.
Page created: January 18, 2024
Page updated: February 22, 2024
Page reviewed: February 22, 2024
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