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Volume 30, Number 3—March 2024
Research

Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease–Related Stigma

Amy PatersonComments to Author , Ashleigh Cheyne, Benjamin Jones, Stefan Schilling, Louise Sigfrid, Jeni Stolow, Lina Moses, Piero Olliaro, and Amanda Rojek
Author affiliations: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (A. Paterson, A. Cheyne, B. Jones, S. Schilling, L. Sigfrid, P. Olliaro, A. Rojek); Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (J. Stolow, L. Moses); Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (J. Stolow, L. Moses); The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A. Rojek)

Main Article

Table 4

Transferability of scales determined by a systematic review of scales for measuring infectious disease–related stigma

Scale name
      Transferability
Cross-national
 Cross-outbreak
 Participant profile†
Stigmatization related to EVD and COVID-19 scale
 Used; IE
 Used; IE
 Not used; A
Ebola-related Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19­–related Stigma Survey
 Used; IE
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
7-item EVD-related Stigma Index
 Used; IE
Not used; A
 Used; IE
Eight-item Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Arabic Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC)
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Stigma Instrument-Patients (CSI-P2)
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
The Perceived Courtesy Stigma Sub-scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
The Affiliate Stigma Sub-scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Modified 12-item HIV Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Ebola-related Stigma Instrument
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Stigma Discrimination Scale (SDS-11)
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Used; IE
Self-stigma Scale (SSS-15)
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Bullying Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Used; IE
COVID-19 Experienced DISCrimination Scale (CEDISC)
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Covid-19 Internalised Stigma Scale (COINS)
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Responsibility Attribution Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Attitudes Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
SARS Social Life and Services Stigma Self-report Questionnaire
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Used; IE
SARS Discrimination in the Workplace Self-report Questionnaire
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Used; IE
Stigma toward EVD Survivors Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
EVD Stigma Index
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
COVID-19-related Enacted Stigma Questionnaire
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
30-item Bullying during the COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
Stigmatising Attitudes Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19 Stigma Scale (COVID19SS)
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
COVID-19 Perceived Stigma Scale-22 (CPSS-22)
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Public Attitudes toward Stigma Questionnaire
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Perceived Stigmatization of COVID-19 Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Modified Version of the KAP Survey Tool on Zika Virus Disease
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
Public COVID-19-related Stigma toward Patients Measure
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
Public COVID-19-related Stigma toward Wuhan People Measure
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
EVD-related Stigma Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
 Used; IE
COVID-19 Public Stigma Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Social Stigma and Discriminatory Attitudes Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
Long COVID Stigma Scale (LCSS)
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Modified Measure of Disease-Related Stigma (MDRS) Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
Lassa Fever-associated Stigmatization Scale
 Not used; U
 Not used; A
 Not used; U
The Social Stigma Scale
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
 Not used; A
COVID-19 related Social Stigma Scale Not used; A Not used; A Not used; A

*Insufficient evidence (IE) indicates insufficient evidence of cross-cultural equivalence and transferability as assessed using cross-cultural equivalence framework devised by S.A.M. Stevelink and W.H. Van Brakel (23) (Appendix Table 1, https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/30/3/23-0934-App1.pdf). A, substantial adaptations anticipated for cross-cultural use; U, appears readily usable. †Usability for persons with and without a personal history of the disease.

Main Article

Page created: December 31, 2023
Page updated: February 22, 2024
Page reviewed: February 22, 2024
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