Volume 30, Number 3—March 2024
Research
Estimates of Incidence and Predictors of Fatiguing Illness after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Jennifer R. Cope, Jeanne Bertolli, Nona Sotoodehnia, T. Eoin West, Nikki Gentile, and Elizabeth R. Unger
Table 2
Incidence rate of fatigue among patients with COVID-19 in study of incidence and predictors of fatiguing illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection, by selected characteristics, Washington, USA, February 2020–February 2021*
| Description | No. (%) patients | Incidence rate/100 person-years |
Proportional hazards model |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | |||
| All patients |
4,589 (100.0) |
10.2 (9.3–11.2) |
||||
| Sex | ||||||
| F | 2,248 (49.0) | 11.6 (10.2–13.1) | <0.01 | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) | 1.39 (1.15–1.69) | |
| M |
2,341 (51.0) |
9.0 (7.8–10.3) |
Referent |
Referent |
Referent |
|
| Age group, years | ||||||
| 18–29 | 771 (16.8) | 7.3 (5.5–9.7) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| 30–59 | 2,344 (51.1) | 10.3 (9–11.7) | 0.03 | 1.39 (1.02–1.90) | 1.23 (0.90–1.69) | |
| >60 |
1,474 (32.1) |
11.6 (9.9–13.5) |
<0.01 |
1.56 (1.13–2.14) |
1.21 (0.86–1.69) |
|
| Race | ||||||
| Asian | 418 (9.1) | 11.1 (8.2–15) | 0.93 | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | ||
| Black | 704 (15.3) | 7.8 (5.9–10.2) | 0.03 | 0.71 (0.53–0.96) | ||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 97 (2.1) | 15.4 (9.1–25.9) | 0.21 | 1.41 (0.83–2.41) | ||
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 82 (1.8) | 6.3 (2.6–15) | 0.22 | 0.56 (0.23–1.37) | ||
| White | 2,942 (64.1) | 10.9 (9.8–12.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Missing |
346 (7.5) |
7.5 (4.9–11.4) |
0.09 |
0.69 (0.45–1.06) |
||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 613 (13.4) | 11.2 (8.8–14.4) | 0.54 | 1.09 (0.83–1.42) | ||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 3,709 (80.8) | 10.3 (9.3–11.5) | Referent | Referent | ||
| Missing |
267 (5.8) |
6.2 (3.7–10.5) |
0.06 |
0.61 (0.36–1.04) |
||
| Hospitalized first 30 d | ||||||
| Yes | 689 (15.0) | 12.1 (9.6–15.2) | 0.13 | 1.22 (0.95–1.57) | ||
| No |
3,900 (85.0) |
9.9 (9.0–11.0) |
Referent |
Referent |
||
| No. underlying conditions† | ||||||
| 0 | 2,511 (54.7) | 7.4 (6.3–8.6) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| 1–3 | 1,780 (38.8) | 12.9 (11.3–14.7) | <0.01 | 1.73 (1.42–2.12) | 1.73 (1.40–2.13) | |
| 4–10 | 298 (6.5) | 16.4 (12.3–21.9) | <0.01 | 2.21 (1.59–3.06) | 2.30 (1.63–3.24) | |
*Blank cells in aHR column indicate variables not included in multivariable model. aHR, adjusted HR, obtained from multivariable proportional hazards model; HR, hazard ratio, obtained from simple proportional hazards model. †Any of the following conditions diagnosed within 18 mo before COVID-19: acute myocardial infarction, history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, hemiplegia or paraplegia, diabetes, diabetes with complications, moderate–severe renal disease, mild liver disease, moderate–severe liver disease, peptic ulcer disease, rheumatologic disease, HIV/AIDS, any malignancy except skin, metastatic solid tumor.