Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024
Research Letter
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses from Multispecies Outbreak, Argentina, August 2023
, Ralph E.T. Vanstreels, Valeria Olivera, Agustina Donini, Martina Miqueo Lauriente, and Marcela M. Uhart
Table
Mutational analysis of HPAI H5N1 viruses from wildlife at Punta Bermeja, Argentina, and other representative HPAI H5N1 strains relative to the goose/Guangdong reference strain
| Country, virus strain |
Host |
Gene segment and mutation position |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PB2 |
PB1 |
PA |
HA |
NP |
NA |
M |
NS1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| T215M |
Q591K# |
D701N# |
N715T |
L378M# |
S515A# |
R57Q# |
T85V |
M86I# |
H355R |
A496S |
M222L |
Y289F |
A428T |
R452K |
V62I |
A81I |
S339P# |
N87T# |
D26K# |
E60V |
I81T |
I129M |
|||||||||
| Argentina | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/South American sea lion/Argentina/RN-PB004/2023* | Mammal | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | |||||||
| A/South American sea lion/Argentina/RN-PB007/2023* | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | I | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | ||||||||
| A/South American sea lion/Argentina/RN-PB011/2023* | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | ||||||||
| A/South American sea lion/Argentina/RN-PB013/2023* | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | ||||||||
| A/South American fur seal/Argentina/RN-PB019/2023* | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | ||||||||
| A/South American tern/Argentina/RN-PB015/2023* | Bird | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | |||||||
| A/goose/Argentina/140223/ 2023 |
Bird |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
. |
. |
? |
? |
? |
? |
. |
T |
P |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
|||||||
| Chile | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/Chile/25945/2023 | Human | · | K | N | · | M | · | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | |||||||
| A/sea lion/Arica y Parinacota/240270-1/2023 | Mammal | · | · | N | · | M | A | Q | A | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | ||||||||
| A/sanderling/Arica y Parinacota/240265/2023 |
Bird |
· |
· |
N |
· |
M |
A |
Q |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
K |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Peru | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/sea lion/Peru/TAC-INS-010/2023 | Mammal | · | K | N | · | M | A | Q | A | I | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | P | T | K | A | · | · | |||||||
| A/pelican/Peru/PIU-SER019/2022 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
M |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Antartica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/brown skua/Bird Island/128287/2023 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
M |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/Thalasseus acuflavidus/EspiritoSanto/1339_N2/2023 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
M |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Uruguay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/black-necked swan/Uruguay/UDELAR-078-M2/2023 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
M |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Ecuador | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/Ecuador/6563/2023 | Human | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | . | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||
| A/wildbird-Fregata-magnificens/Ecuador/IC03-4587/2023 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
M |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
P |
T |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Colombia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/duck/Choco/ICA-3501/2022 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
· |
· |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| Venezuela | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/Pelican/Venezuela/Pel3/2022 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
Q |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
· |
· |
E |
A |
· |
T |
|||||||
| United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/Colorado/18/2022 | Human | ? | ? | ? | ? | . | . | . | A | . | . | . | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | . | E | A | . | . | |||||||
| A/harbor seal/Washington/23-025991-001/2023 | Mammal | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | A | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | T | · | · | E | A | · | · | |||||||
| A/chicken/Wyoming/22-009599-002/2022 |
Bird |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
A |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
· |
T |
· |
· |
E |
A |
· |
· |
|||||||
| China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 | Bird | T | Q | D | N | L | S | R | T | M | H | S | M | Y | A | R | V | A | S | N | D | E | I | I | |||||||
*Only 1 strain from the same country and host is used as reference for comparison (whichever had the highest identity to HPAI H5N1 virus from wildlife in Argentina). Asterisks indicate viruses from wildlife at Punta Bermeja, Argentina. Boldface indicates mutations known to be associated with increased virulence, transmission, or mammalian host adaptation. Dots indicate amino acids identical to those in the reference strain. Question marks indicate amino acid positions for which there is no genomic information available. Hash symbols indicate mutations that were already present in viruses infecting sea lions in Peru and Chile but not in the goose/Guangdong reference strain or in viruses from birds and mammals from North America during 2022–2023. HA, hemagglutinin; M, matrix 1 protein; NA, neuraminidase; HPAI, highly pathogenic influenza virus; NP, nucleocapsid protein, NS, nonstructural protein; PA, polymerase acidic protein; PB, polymerase basic protein.