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Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Dispatch
Cocirculation of Genetically Distinct Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N5 and H5N1 Viruses in Crows, Hokkaido, Japan
, Isabella Monne, Kei Nabeshima, Saki Sakuma, Asuka Kumagai, Shunya Okamura, Kosuke Soda, Hiroshi Ito, Mana Esaki, Kosuke Okuya, Makoto Ozawa, Toshiyo Yabuta, Hiroki Takakuwa, Linh Bao Nguyen, Norikazu Isoda, Kohtaro Miyazawa, Manabu Onuma, and Yoshihiro Sakoda
Table 3
Cross-hemagglutination inhibition assay titers of H5 HPAIVs in study of cocirculation of genetically distinct H5N5 and H5N1 HPAIVs in crows, Hokkaido, Japan*
| Tested virus | Subtype | Clade | Subgroup | Titers using antiserum against indicated H5 viruses |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cr/Hok/ B003/22 | Ck/Hok/ E001/22 | Ew/Hok/Q71/22 | WTE/Hok/R22/22 | Dk/VN/ HU16-DD3/23 | Mdk/ DRC/ KAF1/17 | Ck/Kum/1-7/14 | Bs/Aki/1/16 | ||||
| Cr/Hok/ B073/24† |
H5N5 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2a |
640 |
160 |
40 |
640 |
320 |
640 |
320 |
320 |
| Cr/Hok/ B003/22 |
H5N2 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2d |
640 |
640 |
80 |
320 |
640 |
1,280 |
640 |
160 |
| Ck/Hok/ E001/22 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2d |
320 |
640 |
160 |
320 |
640 |
1,280 |
640 |
80 |
| Ew/Hok/Q71/22 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2b |
320 |
640 |
320 |
160 |
640 |
1,280 |
320 |
160 |
| WTE/Hok/R22/22 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2d |
640 |
640 |
160 |
320 |
640 |
2,560 |
640 |
80 |
| Dk/VN/ HU16-DD3/23 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2c |
640 |
320 |
80 |
640 |
640 |
320 |
320 |
80 |
| Ck/Hok/ B102/23 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2c |
640 |
320 |
80 |
320 |
1,280 |
160 |
160 |
40 |
| Mdk/ DRC/ KAF1/17 |
H5N8 |
2.3.4.4b |
NA |
640 |
640 |
80 |
160 |
640 |
1,280 |
640 |
80 |
| Fox/Hok/1/22 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2d |
640 |
320 |
160 |
640 |
640 |
640 |
320 |
160 |
| Cr/Hok/ B067/23 |
H5N1 |
2.3.4.4b |
G2d |
160 |
160 |
80 |
320 |
640 |
320 |
80 |
40 |
| Np/Hok/M13/20 |
H5N8 |
2.3.4.4b |
G1 |
640 |
640 |
20 |
160 |
640 |
2,560 |
640 |
40 |
| Ck/Kum/1–7/14 |
H5N8 |
2.3.4.4c |
NA |
320 |
640 |
40 |
20 |
160 |
640 |
640 |
80 |
| Bs/Akita/1/16 | H5N6 | 2.3.4.4e | NA | 160 | 320 | 20 | 80 | 160 | 320 | 160 | 640 |
*Antiserum against H5 virus isolates was used to test antigenicity of different H5Nx HPAIVs. Bold values indicate homologous titers. Each abbreviated name is defined as follows: Cr/Hok/B073/24 (H5N5), A/large-billed crow/Hokkaido/B073/2024 (H5N5); Cr/Hok/B003/22, A/large-billed crow/Hokkaido/B003/2022 (H5N2); Ck/Hok/E001/22, A/chicken/Hokkaido/HU-E001/2022 (H5N1); Ew/Hok/Q71/22, A/Eurasian wigeon/Hokkaido/Q71/2022 (H5N1); WTE/Hok/R22/22, A/white-tailed eagle/Hokkaido/22-RU-WTE-2/2022 (H5N1); Dk/VN/HU-16-DD3/23, A/duck/Vietnam/HU16-DD3/2023 (H5N1); Ck/Hok/B102/23, A/chicken/Hokkaido/HU-B102/2023 (H5N1); Mdk/DRC/KAF1/17, A/Muscovy duck/DR Congo/KAF1/2017 (H5N8); Fox/Hok/1/22, A/Ezo red fox/Hokkaido/1/2022 (H5N1); Cr/Hok/B067/23, A/large-billed crow/Hokkaido/B067/2023 (H5N1); Np/Hok/M13/20, A/northern pintail/Hokkaido/M13/2020 (H5N1); Ck/Kum/1–7/14, A/chicken/Kumamoto/1–7/2014 (H5N8); Bs/Akita/1/16, A/black swan/Akita/1/2016 (H5N6). HPAIV, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; NA, not applicable. †H5N5 virus isolated in Hokkaido in winter 2023–24.