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Volume 31, Number 1—January 2025
Research
Social Contact Patterns in Rural and Urban Settings, Mozambique, 2021–2022
Moses C. Kiti1, Charfudin Sacoor1, Obianuju G. Aguolu, Alana Zelaya, Holin Chen, Sara S. Kim, Nilzio Cavele, Edgar Jamisse, Corssino Tchavana, Americo Jose, Ivalda Macicame, Orvalho Joaquim, Noureen Ahmed, Carol Y. Liu, Inci Yildirim, Kristin Nelson, Samuel M. Jenness, Herberth Maldonado, Momin Kazi, Rajan Srinivasan, Venkata R. Mohan, Alessia Melegaro, Fauzia Malik, Azucena Bardaji, Saad B. Omer2, and Ben Lopman2
Table 2
Median and mean number of contacts on day 1 by demographic characteristic reported by participants in study of social contact patterns, Mozambique, 2021–2022*
| Characteristic | Rural |
Urban |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Mean (bootstrapped 95% CI) | Median (IQR) | Mean (bootstrapped 95% CI) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| F | 9 (6–11) | 9.6 (8.9–10.2) | 6 (4–8) | 6.7 (6.3–7.1) | |
| M |
9 (7–13) |
10.1 (9.5–10.6) |
6 (4–9) |
7 (6.6–7.4) |
|
| Age | |||||
| <6 mo | 8 (5–10) | 7.8 (6.8–8.9) | 4 (3–5) | 4.4 (3.8–4.9) | |
| 6–11 mo | 8 (6–11) | 8.6 (7.7–9.4) | 5 (3–7.5) | 5.8 (5–6.6) | |
| 1–4 y | 9 (7–10) | 8.9 (8–9.9) | 6 (4–9) | 7.1 (6.1–8.1) | |
| 5–9 y | 9 (6.8–12) | 10.1 (8.6–11.6) | 6 (4.25–9) | 7.2 (6.1–8.2) | |
| 10–14 y | 10 (8–14) | 11 (9.5–12.4) | 8 (6–10.3) | 8.7 (7.7–9.7) | |
| 15–19 y | 12 (8.8–17) | 12.8 (11.4–14.2) | 9 (6–12) | 9.6 (8.3–10.9) | |
| 20–29 y | 9 (7–12.25) | 10.8 (9.3–12.3) | 6 (4–8) | 6.1 (5.5–6.8) | |
| 30–39 y | 8.5 (7–11) | 9.4 (8.1–10.7) | 6 (4–9) | 7 (6.1–7.9) | |
| 40–59 y | 10 (6–13) | 11 (9.5–12.5) | 6 (5–8.5) | 6.8 (6.1–7.5) | |
| ≥60 y |
6 (4–10) |
7.4 (6.1–8.7) |
5 (4–8) |
5.6 (4.8–6.4) |
|
| Occupation or daily activity | |||||
| Child | 8 (5–10) | 8.2 (7.6–8.9) | 4 (3–6) | 5.1 (4.6–5.6) | |
| Unemployed | 7.5 (5–12) | 8.9 (7.7–10) | 6 (4–9) | 7.1 (5.9–8.2) | |
| Student | 10 (8–14) | 11.4 (10.5–12.3) | 8 (5–10) | 8.4 (7.7–9) | |
| Homemaker | 9 (7–10) | 8 (5.2–10.8) | 6 (4.75–8) | 6.8 (5.5–8) | |
| Casual laborer | 8 (6–11.5) | 9.5 (6.9–12.1) | 5.5 (4.8–7) | 6 (5.4–6.7) | |
| Farmer | 9 (6–13.25) | 10.6 (8.9–12.4) | 3.5 (3–4) | 3.8 (2–5.6) | |
| Businessperson | 10 (7.5–11.5) | 10.1 (5.1–15.2) | 6 (4–8) | 7.1 (6–8.3) | |
| Office worker | 8 (7–11) | 9.9 (7.3–12.4) | 5 (3.5–5.5) | 5.1 (3.4–6.9) | |
| Retired | 5 (4–6) | 5.6 (2.2–9) | 10 (8.3–10) | 9.1 (7.2–11.1) | |
| Other |
10 (7–13) |
11.1 (9.5–12.7) |
NA |
NA |
|
| Household size | |||||
| 1 | 6 (4–9.3) | 7.2 (5.4–8.9) | 4 (2.5–7) | 5.2 (2.4–8) | |
| 2–3 | 7 (4–10) | 8.1 (6.9–9.2) | 5 (3–7.5) | 5.6 (4.9–6.3) | |
| 4–6 | 9 (6–12) | 9.6 (8.8–10.3) | 6 (4–8) | 6.5 (6–7) | |
| 7–10 | 10 (8–13) | 10.9 (9.9–11.9) | 7 (5–9) | 7.8 (6.8–8.7) | |
| ≥10 |
14 (9.5–16.5) |
13.8 (12–15.7) |
9 (6–12) |
9.6 (7.9–11.4) |
|
| Household membership | |||||
| Member | 9 (6–12) | 10 (9.6–10.4) | 6 (4–9) | 6.9 (6.6–7.2) | |
| Nonmember |
7 (4–9.5) |
7.6 (6–9.2) |
5 (3–8) |
5.7 (4.7–6.8) |
|
| Enrolled in school | |||||
| Y | 9 (7–13) | 10.8 (9.9–11.7) | 8 (5–10) | 8 (7.4–8.6) | |
| N |
9 (6–11) |
9.4 (8.9–9.9) |
6 (4–8) |
6.3 (6–6.7) |
|
| Weekday or weekend | |||||
| Weekday | 9 (6–12) | 9.8 (9.3–10.3) | 6 (4–9) | 7 (6.6–7.3) | |
| Weekend |
9 (6–12) |
9.8 (9.1–10.5) |
6 (4–8.5) |
6.4 (5.9–7) |
|
| ARI symptoms (>1 symptom) | 10 (7–13) | 10.7 (9.7–11.6) | 6 (4–8) | 7.1 (6.3–7.9) | |
| AGE symptoms | 9 (8–13) | 9.7 (7.2–12.1) | 6 (4–8.5) | 6.6 (4.5–8.8) | |
*AGE, acute gastroenteritis; ARI, acute respiratory infection; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
2These authors were co–principal investigators.
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