*Case definitions: Clinical criteria for a suspected case are new characteristic rash on the skin, ano-genital or elsewhere on the body, which may include single or multiple lesions or meets one of the epidemiologic criteria and has a high clinical suspicion for mpox. Criteria for probably case: no suspicion of other recent Orthopoxvirus exposure and demonstration of the presence of Orthopoxvirus DNA by PCR of a clinical specimen. Laboratory criteria: detection of MPXV-specific DNA sequences by PCR and /or sequencing of a clinical specimen. Epidemiologic criteria: >1 of the following epidemiologic links in the last 21 d before symptom onset: reports having contact with a person or persons with a similar appearing rash or who received a diagnosis of confirmed or probable mpox or traveled outside Uganda to a country with confirmed cases of mpox or where MPXV is endemic like the Democratic Republic of Congo or had close or intimate in-person contact with persons in a social network currently experiencing MPXV activity. Ct, cycle threshold; MPXV, monkeypox virus; NGS, next-generation sequencing; ND, not done; qPCR, quantitative PCR.