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Volume 31, Number 12—December 2025

Research Letter

Carbapenem-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Infection in Traveler Returning to Germany from India, 2024

Sandra Simon, Eva Trost, Jan Lennings, Julia Enkelmann, Julia Kuhn, Michael Pietsch, and Antje FliegerComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany (S. Simon, E. Trost, M. Pietsch, A. Flieger); Public Health Department of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany (J. Lennings); Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (J. Enkelmann); Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Integration Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart (J. Kuhn)

Main Article

Figure

Phylogenetic structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain 24-09143 from a traveler returning to Germany from India and maximum-likelihood tree based on 351 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and visualized with Interactive Tree Of Life ([https://itol.embl.de) showing phylogenetic structure of Salmonella Typhi isolates from Pakistan and India. Tree includes 168 isolates from the Salmonella Typhi surveillance program of Germany’s Reference Center for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens with reported case exposure in India or Pakistan (2015–2024) and three selected published genomes of strains from these countries. Strain 24-09143 belongs to the H58 haplotype and is closely related to previously described blaNDM-5– or blaCTX-M-15–positive Salmonella Typhi strains from India, specifically strain IOB-SWH-1 from 2024 and strain Gurgaon01 from 2019. It is clearly distinguishable from the XDR H58 sublineage from Pakistan, such as blaNDM-5– and blaCTX-M-15–positive strain 1790125 from 2022. Isolate labels are colored according to the country of origin or exposure. Red type indicates branches corresponding to the XDR sublineage from Pakistan (genotype 4.3.1.1 P1). Inner ring shows the H58 haplotype in gray, and outer ring depicts the genotypes described by Wong et al. (10). Red arrowheads indicate carbapenemase- and ESBL- producing isolates referred to in the study and Table. ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; XDR, extensively drug-resistant.

Figure. Phylogenetic structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain 24-09143 from a traveler returning to Germany from India and maximum-likelihood tree based on 351 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and visualized with Interactive Tree Of Life ([https://itol.embl.de) showing phylogenetic structure of Salmonella Typhi isolates from Pakistan and India. Tree includes 168 isolates from the Salmonella Typhi surveillance program of Germany’s Reference Center for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens with reported case exposure in India or Pakistan (2015–2024) and three selected published genomes of strains from these countries. Strain 24-09143 belongs to the H58 haplotype and is closely related to previously described blaNDM-5– or blaCTX-M-15–positive Salmonella Typhi strains from India, specifically strain IOB-SWH-1 from 2024 and strain Gurgaon01 from 2019. It is clearly distinguishable from the XDR H58 sublineage from Pakistan, such as blaNDM-5– and blaCTX-M-15–positive strain 1790125 from 2022. Isolate labels are colored according to the country of origin or exposure. Red type indicates branches corresponding to the XDR sublineage from Pakistan (genotype 4.3.1.1 P1). Inner ring shows the H58 haplotype in gray, and outer ring depicts the genotypes described by Wong et al. (10). Red arrowheads indicate carbapenemase- and ESBL- producing isolates referred to in the study and [[ANCHOR###T1###Table###Anchor]]. ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; XDR, extensively drug-resistant.

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