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Volume 31, Supplement—December 2025

SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Postinfectious Syndromes and Long-Term Sequelae after Giardia Infections

Shanna Miko, Pallavi A. Kache, Erin Imada, Amy L. Freeland, and Julia C. HastonComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Figure

Clinical manifestations of infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses most often reported after giardiasis. A) Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, postinfectious functional dyspepsia, gastresophageal reflux, bloating, and nausea. B) Cognitive impairment, failure to thrive, and stunting. C) Myocarditis. D) Treatment-refractory giardiasis. E) Arthridites. F) Fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitits/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Figure. Clinical manifestations of infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses most often reported after giardiasis. A) Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, postinfectious functional dyspepsia, gastresophageal reflux, bloating, and nausea. B) Cognitive impairment, failure to thrive, and stunting. C) Myocarditis. D) Treatment-refractory giardiasis. E) Arthridites. F) Fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitits/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Main Article

Page created: December 18, 2025
Page updated: January 22, 2026
Page reviewed: January 22, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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