Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 31, Number 3—March 2025
Research

Effect of Prior Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection on Pathogenesis and Transmission of Human Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Ferret Model

Xiangjie SunComments to Author , Jessica A. Belser, Zhu-Nan Li, Nicole Brock, Joanna A. Pulit-Penaloza, Troy J. Kieran, Claudia Pappas, Hui Zeng, Jessie C. Chang, Paul J. Carney, Brandon L. Bradley-Ferrell, James Stevens, Terrence M. Tumpey, Min Z. Levine, and Taronna R. Maines
Author affiliation: Author affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Figure 3

Contact transmission of Texas/37 influenza A(H5N1) virus and Anhui/1 influenza A(H7N9) virus in study of the effect of prior influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection on pathogenesis and transmission of human influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in ferret model. A, C, E) Transmission of Texas/37 H5N1 virus among ferrets; B, D, F) transmission of Anhui/1 H7N9 virus among ferrets. Different shades indicate individual animals. We inoculated 3 naive ferrets per virus (A–D) and 3 preimmune ferrets per virus (E, F) by respiratory inhalation exposure (Table). Each inoculated ferret was pair-housed with a contact recipient, with (C, D) or without preimmunity (A, B, E, F); contact was sustained for 48 hours for Texas/37 and for 72 hours for Anhui/1 before inoculated animals were humanely euthanized. Nasal wash samples were collected daily from inoculated ferrets (days 1–4 postinfection) and on alternate days from the contact animals (days 1–11 postcontact). The limit of detection was 10 PFU/mL. Two naive contact ferrets (panel A) reached humane endpoints and were euthanized on days 3 and 4 postinfection. Anhui/1, low pathogenicity influenza A(H7N9) A/Anhui/1/2013; EP, endpoint; NS, not statistically significant; Texas/37, highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b A/Texas/37/2024.

Figure 3. Contact transmission of Texas/37 influenza A(H5N1) virus and Anhui/1 influenza A(H7N9) virus in study of the effect of prior influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection on pathogenesis and transmission of human influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in ferret model. A, C, E) Transmission of Texas/37 H5N1 virus among ferrets; B, D, F) transmission of Anhui/1 H7N9 virus among ferrets. Different shades indicate individual animals. We inoculated 3 naive ferrets per virus (A–D) and 3 preimmune ferrets per virus (E, F) by respiratory inhalation exposure (Table). Each inoculated ferret was pair-housed with a contact recipient, with (C, D) or without preimmunity (A, B, E, F); contact was sustained for 48 hours for Texas/37 and for 72 hours for Anhui/1 before inoculated animals were humanely euthanized. Nasal wash samples were collected daily from inoculated ferrets (days 1–4 postinfection) and on alternate days from the contact animals (days 1–11 postcontact). The limit of detection was 10 PFU/mL. Two naive contact ferrets (panel A) reached humane endpoints and were euthanized on days 3 and 4 postinfection. Anhui/1, low pathogenicity influenza A(H7N9) A/Anhui/1/2013; EP, endpoint; NS, not statistically significant; Texas/37, highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b A/Texas/37/2024.

Main Article

Page created: December 30, 2024
Page updated: February 21, 2025
Page reviewed: February 21, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external