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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research
Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens, 2019
, Zhaohui Cui, Reese Tierney, Patricia M. Griffin, Robert M. Hoekstra, Daniel C. Payne, Erica B. Rose, Carey Devine, Angella Sandra Namwase, Sara A. Mirza, Anita K. Kambhampati, Anne Straily, and Beau B. Bruce
Table 2
Estimated annual numbers of hospitalizations and deaths caused by major foodborne pathogens, United States, 2019*
| Pathogen | Hospitalizations |
Deaths |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Total hospitalizations | Underdiagnosis multiplier | No. domestically acquired illnesses, mean (90% CrI)† | % Total deaths | Underdiagnosis multiplier | No. domestically acquired illnesses, mean (90% CrI)† | ||
| Campylobacter spp. | 22.1‡ | 1.7 | 13,000 (4,730‒25,500) | 0.3‡ | 1.7 | 197 (0‒585) | |
| Clostridium perfringens |
<1§ |
1.5 |
338 (0‒1,920) |
0.1§ |
1.5 |
41 (0‒189) |
|
| Listeria moncytogenes¶ | 1,070 (922‒1,240) | NA | NA | 172 (144‒204) | |||
| NPA | 87.4# | 1.7 | 920 (796‒1,070) | 15.8# | 1.7 | 166 (142‒195) | |
| PA, mothers | 70.4# | 1.7 | 74 (58‒91) | 0# | 1.7 | 0 | |
| PA, infants |
80.6# |
1.7 |
74 (58‒103) |
5.8# |
1.7 |
6 (0‒10) |
|
| Norovirus** |
<0.1 |
NA |
22,400 (9,570‒39,900) |
<0.001 |
NA |
174 (76‒308) |
|
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. serotypes¶ | 12,500 (8,250‒17,700) | NA | NA | 238 (7‒602) | |||
| Enteritidis | 27.7‡ | 1.5 | 2,970 (1,530‒4,980) | 0.6‡ | 1.5 | 63 (0‒242) | |
| I 4,[5],12:i- | 28.7‡ | 1.5 | 957 (339‒1,770) | 0.7‡ | 1.5 | 26 (0‒158) | |
| Javiana | 25.2‡ | 1.5 | 882 (79‒2,620) | 0.1‡ | 1.5 | 5 (0‒30) | |
| Newport | 28.0‡ | 1.5 | 1,720 (507‒4,000) | 0.3‡ | 1.5 | 17 (0‒116) | |
| Typhimurium | 29.3‡ | 1.5 | 1,520 (576‒2,700) | 0.8‡ | 1.5 | 40 (0‒19) | |
| Other |
27.1‡ |
1.5 |
4,500 (1,550‒8,180) |
0.5‡ |
1.5 |
88 (0‒309) |
|
| STEC¶ | 3,150 (1,440‒5,870) | NA | NA | 66 (0‒217) | |||
| O157 | 43.1‡ | 1.5 | 1,730 (574‒4,070) | 1.0‡ | 1.5 | 40 (0‒180) | |
| Non-O157 |
16.2‡ |
1.5 |
1,410 (465‒3,020) |
0.3‡ |
1.5 |
25 (0‒94) |
|
| Toxoplasma gondii†† |
<0.001 |
1.5 |
848 (173‒1,700) |
<0.001 |
1.5 |
44 (9‒90) |
|
| All pathogens¶ | NA | NA | 53,300 (35,800‒74,600) | NA | NA | 931 (530‒1,460) | |
*Means and CrIs were rounded off; unrounded numbers are shown in Appendix 3 Table 2. CrI, credible interval; NA, not applicable; NPA, non-pregnancy associated; PA, pregnancy associated; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. †Estimates according to the average US population during 2017–2019. ‡Percentage of patients who were hospitalized or died; data is from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (2017–2019). §Percentage of patients who were hospitalized or died; data is from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (2010–2019). ¶Total number of illnesses and the number of domestically acquired foodborne illness were the sum of the estimates for corresponding subgroups. #Percentage hospitalized and died from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Listeria Initiative (2017–2019). We estimated an additional 38 (90% CrI: 28‒47) fetal deaths of which 37 (90% CrI: 27‒45) were estimated to be domestically-acquired, foodborne. **Rates of hospitalizations and deaths from the National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (hospitalizations) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) multiple-cause-of-mortality dataset (deaths) for norovirus (2) applied to the US population during 2017–2019. ††According to the rates of hospitalizations and deaths from the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2019) applied to the U.S. population during 2017–2019.