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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Dispatch

Exposure of Wild Mammals to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Alaska, USA, 2020–2023

Andrew M. RameyComments to Author , Kimberlee B. Beckmen, David T. Saalfeld, Kerry Nicholson, Buck A. Mangipane, Laura C. Scott, David E. Stallknecht, and Rebecca L. Poulson
Author affiliation: US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (A.M. Ramey, L.C. Scott); Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (K.B. Beckmen, K. Nicholson); Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage (D.T. Saalfeld); National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, Alaska, USA (B.A. Mangipane); Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (D.E. Stallknecht, R.L. Poulson).

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Figure 2

Inferred seropositivity among 124 samples collected from wild mammals, Alaska, USA, December 2021–September 2023, after detection of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b in North America, to influenza A antigens. Seropositivity to NP was determined using a blocking ELISA. Seropositivity to North American lineage LPAI H5 and HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b were determined using virus microneutrialization. Seropositivity to N1 was determined using an enzyme-linked lectin assay. HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI, low pathogenicity avian influenza; NP, nucleoprotein.

Figure 2. Inferred seropositivity among 124 samples collected from wild mammals, Alaska, USA, December 2021–September 2023, after detection of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b in North America, to influenza A antigens. Seropositivity to NP was determined using a blocking ELISA. Seropositivity to North American lineage LPAI H5 and HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b were determined using virus microneutrialization. Seropositivity to N1 was determined using an enzyme-linked lectin assay. HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI, low pathogenicity avian influenza; NP, nucleoprotein.

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Page created: February 18, 2025
Page updated: March 13, 2025
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