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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Nationwide Observational Case–Control Study of Risk Factors for Aerococcus Bloodstream Infections, Sweden

John WallesComments to Author , Malin Inghammar, Magnus Rasmussen, and Torgny Sunnerhagen
Author affiliation: Central Hospital Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden (J. Walles); Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (J. Walles); Lund University, Lund, Sweden (J. Walles, M. Inghammar, M. Rasmussen, T. Sunnerhagen); Skåne University Hospital, Lund (J. Walles, M. Inghammar, M. Rasmussen, T. Sunnerhagen)

Main Article

Table 1

Hypothesized mechanisms for and operational definitions of participants’ medical conditions in nationwide observational case–control study of risk factors for Aerococcus BSIs, Sweden, 2012–2016*

Conditions Hypothesized mechanisms linking conditions to aerococcal BSI
Ecologic dysregulation/displacement Compromised local barriers Lowered immune competence Healthcare exposure Frailty Operational definitions
Patient register, ICD-10 codes Drug register, ATC codes
Hospital admissions
 No
 No
 No
 Yes
 Yes
Registered admissions
 NA
Prescribed drugs
 No
 No
 No
 Yes
 Yes
NA
 Registered prescriptions
Treatment for infection
 Yes
 Yes
 No
 Yes
 No
A, B, M00–03, G00–08, I33, I38–40, J0–2, N10
 J01
Pulmonary disease
 No
 Yes
 No
 Yes
 Yes
J3–9
 R03
Gastrointestinal disease
 Yes
 Yes
 No
 Yes
 No
K2–9
 NA
Malignant disease, nonurologic
 No
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
C0–4, C50, C54–58, C69, C7–9, Z923, Z926
 NA
Urologic conditions, including malignancy
 No
 Yes
 No
 No
 No
C51–53, C60–68, R3, N2–5, N7–9, Q5, Q60–64, Z935–36
 G04c, G04bd, G04bx
Neurologic conditions
 Yes
 No
 No
 Yes
 Yes
G0–3, G6–8, F0, F7, F8, I6
 N06d, N04
Corticosteroid treatment
 No
 No
 Yes
 No
 No
NA
 H02ab, H02aa02, A07ea
Diabetes mellitus
 Yes
 No
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
E10–14
 A10a, A10b
Heart disease
 No
 No
 No
 Yes
 Yes
I0, I2–5, I7, Z45, Q2
 C03c
Rheumatic disease
 No
 No
 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
M
 NA
Kidney disease No No Yes Yes Yes N0, N11–19 NA

*Condition or characteristic considered to capture aspects of >1 pre hoc hypothesized mechanisms for aerococcal BSI. Bold font indicates positive association. Conditions were defined operationally by the presence of any criteria listed in the final 2 columns (registered diagnosis or drug prescription); absence of a condition was defined as lack of all listed criteria for that condition. Conditions were considered for registrations made 1–24 months (excluding the most recent month) preceding the aerococcal BSI detection or control date. ATC, Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical; BSI, bloodstream infection; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision; NA, not applicable.

Main Article

Page created: March 02, 2025
Page updated: April 23, 2025
Page reviewed: April 23, 2025
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