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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Nationwide Observational Case–Control Study of Risk Factors for Aerococcus Bloodstream Infections, Sweden
John Walles
, Malin Inghammar, Magnus Rasmussen, and Torgny Sunnerhagen
, Malin Inghammar, Magnus Rasmussen, and Torgny Sunnerhagen
Table 4
Post hoc analyses of risk factors for Aerococcus BSIs in nationwide observational case–control study, Sweden, 2012–2016*
| Risk factor | Controls, no. (%) | Aerococcal BSI, no. (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Codes† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prescribed antimicrobial drugs | |||||
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin, or flucloxacillin | 512 (22.2) | 162 (28.1) | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 0.003 | ATC: J01CE02, J01CF05, J01CA04 |
| Macrolides or clindamycin | 90 (3.9) | 24 (4.2) | 1.07 (0.66–1.67) | 0.8 | ATC: J01F |
| Tetracyclins | 171 (7.4) | 49 (8.5) | 1.16 (0.82–1.60) | 0.4 | ATC: J01A |
| Pivmecillinam, nitrofurantoin, or trimethoprim | 201 (8.7) | 129 (22.4) | 3.02 (2.36–3.85) | <0.001 | ATC: J01XE01, J01CA08, J01EA01 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 208 (9.0) | 140 (24.3) | 3.23 (2.55–4.10) | <0.001 | ATC: J01MA02 |
| Trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole |
45 (1.9) |
30 (5.2) |
2.76 (1.71–4.40) |
<0.001 |
ATC: J01EE01 |
| Urologic conditions, including malignancy | 753 (31.8) | 331 (57.4) | 2.88 (2.39–3.47) | <0.001 | See [[ANCHOR###T21###Table 1###Anchor]] |
| Renal or ureteral conditions | 31 (1.3) | 43 (7.5) | 5.91 (3.71–9.55) | <0.001 | C64–66, D300–302, D410–412, N13, N20, Q60–63, S370–371 |
| Vesical or urethral conditions | 40 (1.7) | 25 (4.3) | 2.57 (1.53–4.24) | <0.001 | C67–68, D303–304, D090, D413–414, N21, Q64, S372–373 |
| Prostate and other male reproductive organs | 241 (10.4) | 123 (27.2) | 2.43 (1.89–3.11) | <0.001 | C60–63, D074–76, D29, D40, N40–42 |
| Urologic malignancy | 152 (6.6) | 70 (12.2) | 1.96 (1.45–2.63) | <0.001 | C51–53, C60–68 |
| Urologic malignancy except prostate | 36 (1.6) | 15 (2.6) | 1.68 (0.89–3.04) | 0.094 | C51–53, C60, C62–68 |
| Prostate cancer, men | 121 (5.2) | 58 (10.1) | 2.02 (1.45–2.79) | <0.001 | C61 |
| Gynecologic cancer, women | 5 (1.0) | 4 (3.3) | 3.27 (0.80–12.6) | 0.081 | C51–59 |
| Prescription of drugs for prostatic hyperplasia, men | 367 (20.2) | 130 (28.6) | 1.54 (1.23–1.92) | <0.001 | ATC: G04C |
| Urinary tract stones | 25 (1.1) | 25 (4.5) | 4.31 (2.46–7.55) | <0.001 | N20–21 |
| Hydronephrosis |
10 (0.4) |
26 (4.5) |
10.8 (5.36–23.7) |
<0.001 |
N13 |
| Malignant disease, nonurologic | 182 (7.9) | 75 (13.0) | 1.75 (1.30–2.31) | <0.001 | See [[ANCHOR###T21###Table 1###Anchor]] |
| Lung cancer | 2 (0.1) | 7 (1.2) | 14.2 (3.41–95.2) | <0.001 | C34 |
| Skin cancer | 112 (4.9) | 29 (5.0) | 1.04 (0.67–1.56) | 0.9 | C43–44 |
| Colon cancer | 11 (0.5) | 5 (0.9) | 1.83 (0.57–5.04) | 0.3 | C18–20 |
| Hematologic malignancy |
23 (1.0) |
14 (2.4) |
2.47 (1.23–4.78) |
0.008 |
C8–9 |
| Neurologic conditions | |||||
| Cerebrovascular insult | 124 (5.4) | 88 (15.3) | 3.17 (2.37–4.23) | <0.001 | I61–63, I69 |
| Paraparesis or tetraparesis | 23 (1.0) | 25 (4.3) | 4.50 (2.53–8.03) | <0.001 | G8 |
| Dementia | 122 (5.3) | 105 (18.2) | 3.99 (3.01–5.27) | <0.001 | G30–31, F00–03, F051; ATC: N06D |
| Parkinson’s disease | 58 (2.5) | 43 (7.5) | 3.12 (2.07–4.67) | <0.001 | G20–22; ATC: N04 |
| Multiple sclerosis |
4 (0.2) |
11 (1.9) |
11.2 (3.81–40.5) |
<0.001 |
G35 |
| Estrogen prescription, women | 111 (22.5) | 23 (18.7) | 0.80 (0.48–1.30) | 0.4 | G03C |
*Descriptive analysis of subdivisions of risk factor categories identified in multivariable analyses. ATC, Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical; BSI, bloodstream infection. †Diagnostic codes were derived from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision; drug prescription codes were derived from the ATC classification system (as indicated).
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