Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Endangered Cranes, Izumi Plain, Japan, 2022–23
Figure 5

Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of H5 hemagglutinin (HA) genes from avian influenza virus gene–positive cranes from the 2022–23 winter season in the Izumi Plain, Japan, compared with reference sequences. Tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with a bootstrapping set of 1,000 replicates. Nodes with bootstrap values >90% are shown. Circles indicate isolates from wild birds and cranes’ roost water during the 2022–23 winter season. Squares indicate isolates from chickens during the same season. Triangles indicate H5 HA genes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses used for the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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