Figure 2. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis conducted in study of multidisciplinary tracking of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), southern Europe, 2022. A) Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree obtained from the time-scaled phylogenetic analysis based on genetic sequences of the hemagglutinin gene segment collected from H5N1 virus–infected birds during November 8, 2021–September 1, 2022, in Spain and France. Vertical light gray bars reflect 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals associated with the inferred age of internal nodes. B) Continuous phylogeographic reconstruction of the dispersal history of viral lineages. Specifically, we first report the mapped MCC tree and 80% HPD regions reflecting the uncertainty related to the Bayesian continuous phylogeographic inference; both the MCC tree and HPD regions are based on 1,000 trees sampled from the posterior distribution and colored according to their time of occurrence. Phylogenetic branches associated with the vulture subclade (node A) are displayed as solid lines, whereas dashed lines represent other branches in the clade. C) MCC tree as reported in panels A and B, but this time along the PPs and mean estimates associated with lineage dispersal events that occurred between the 4 main regions involved in the continuous phylogeographic reconstruction. PP, posterior probability.