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Volume 31, Number 8—August 2025

Research

Multidisciplinary Tracking of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Griffon Vultures, Southern Europe, 2022

Julien Hirschinger, Ursula Höfle, Alberto Sánchez-Cano, Claire Guinat, Guillaume Croville, Marta Barral, José Antonio Donázar, Chloé Le Gall Ladevèze, Mathilda Walch, Vega Alvarez, Xeider Gerrikagoitia, Louis Du Plessis, Simon Dellicour, Eneko Arrondo, José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Sara Minayo Martín, Jérémy Tornos, Samuel Perret, Thierry Boulinier, Pascal Orabi, Anne Van De Wiele, Jean Luc Guerin, Olivier Duriez, and Guillaume Le Loc’hComments to Author 
Author affiliation: IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (J. Hirschinger, C. Guinat, G. Croville, C. Le Gall Ladevèze, M. Walch, J.L. Guerin, G. Le Loc’h); Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain (U. Höfle, A. Sánchez-Cano, S. Minayo Martín); NEIKER–Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain (M. Barral, V. Alvarez, X. Gerrikagoitia); Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain (J.A. Donázar, A. Cortés-Avizanda); ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland (L. Du Plessis); Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland (L. Du Plessis); Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (S. Dellicour); Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S. Dellicour); Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain (J.A. Sánchez-Zapata); Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France (J. Tornos, S. Perret, T. Boulinier, O. Duriez); Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux, Rochefort, France (P. Orabi); Office Français de la Biodiversité, Vincennes, France (A. Van De Wiele); Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva S/N CP:18071 Granada, Spain (E. Arrondo)

Main Article

Table

Results of ELISA tests and H5-HI test of ELISA-positive serum samples in study of multidisciplinary tracking of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in griffon vultures, southern Europe, 2022

Country Date ELISA test
H5-HI test
Type Estimated prevalence, % (95% CI) Estimated prevalence, % (95% CI)
France
 2020 NA NA NA
2021 NA NA NA
2022 Anti H5 28 (22–36) 82 (69–92)
2023
 Anti H5
 20 (12–28)
20 (9–37)
Spain 2020 Anti AIV 47 (25–71) 0 (0–37)
2021 Anti AIV 0 (0–5) NA
2022 Anti AIV 16 (9–26) 38 (17–68)
2023 Anti AIV 31 (13–56) 100 (66–100)

*For details see Appendix Table 1). AIV, avian influenza virus; H5-HI, H5 hemagglutination inhibition; NA, not applicable.

Main Article

Page created: June 16, 2025
Page updated: July 16, 2025
Page reviewed: July 16, 2025
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