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Volume 31, Number 9—September 2025

Research

Differences in Lyme Disease Diagnosis among Medicaid and Medicare Beneficiaries, United States, 2016–2021

L. Hannah GouldComments to Author , Sarah J. Willis, Christopher G. Prener, Stephanie A. Duench, Holly Yu, Luis Jodar, Jennifer C. Moïsi, and James H. Stark
Author affiliation: Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York, USA (L.H. Gould); Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (S.J. Willis, J.H. Stark); RWE Platforms and Partnerships, Pfizer, Inc., New York (C.G. Prener); US Medical Affairs, Vaccines and Anti-infectives, Pfizer, Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA (S.A. Duench); Global HTA, Value & Evidence Vaccines, Pfizer, Inc., Collegeville (H. Yu); Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc., Collegeville (L. Jodar); Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Inc., Pfizer, Paris, France (J.C. Moïsi)

Main Article

Table 4

Prevalence ratios for development of disseminated Lyme disease and hospitalization by race and ethnicity among Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries, United States, 2016–2021*

Group Prevalence ratio (95% CI)
Disseminated disease Hospitalization at diagnosis
Medicaid, age <18 y
Black, African American 2.35 (2.15–2.56) 2.57 (1.96–3.36)
Asian, Pacific Islander 1.57 (1.34–1.83) 1.71 (1.09–2.69)
Hispanic 1.51 (1.37–1.66) 1.59 (1.21–2.11)
Native American 1.16 (0.84–1.60) 1.14 (0.56–2.21)
Other
 1.45 (0.91–2.29)
 0.74 (0.11–5.20)
Medicaid, age >19 y
Black, African American 1.67 (1.52–1.84) 1.58 (1.27–1.98)
Asian, Pacific Islander 1.23 (1.06–1.42) 0.87 (0.60–1.26)
Hispanic 1.73 (1.59–1.89) 0.90 (0.69–1.19)
Native American 1.19 (0.85–1.65) 0.51 (0.17–1.56)
Other
 1.75 (0.77–3.95)
 –
Medicare, age <65 y
Black, African American 1.51 (1.35–1.68) 1.51 (1.17–1.94)
Asian, Pacific Islander 0.83 (0.53–1.29) 1.53 (0.80–2.93)
Hispanic 1.09 (0.90–1.31) 0.83 (0.53–1.31)
Native American 1.05 (0.68–1.64) 1.30 (0.57–2.99)
Other
 1.37 (1.10–1.72)
 1.11 (0.63–1.96)
Medicare, age >65 y
Black, African American 1.46 (1.33–1.61) 1.17 (0.95–1.43)
Asian, Pacific Islander 1.18 (1.01–1.38) 1.06 (0.78–1.44)
Hispanic 1.48 (1.22–1.78) 1.21 (0.80–1.82)
Native American 1.11 (0.67–1.83) 1.87 (0.94–3.73)
Other 1.07 (0.94–1.22) 1.14 (0.90–1.45)

*Reference group White for all comparisons. ­–, sample size too small to calculate.

Main Article

Page created: July 09, 2025
Page updated: August 18, 2025
Page reviewed: August 18, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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