Early Release

Perspective

• A Roadmap to Primary Pandemic Prevention Through Spillover Investigation
  E. S. Gurley and R. K. Plowright
• Considerations for Preparedness and Response to High Consequence Infectious Disease
  J. Chan et al.

Synopses

• Enhancing surveillance of viral respiratory infections: Lessons learnt from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a maximum-security Australian prison
  N. M. Legrand et al.
• Emergence of Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus—Current State of Evidence
  P. S. Satheshkumar et al.

Research

• Rapid Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Intrahost Variants among COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Infections, Singapore
  Y. Su et al. View Abstract

  The evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants have driven successive waves of global COVID-19 outbreaks, yet the longitudinal dynamics of intrahost variation within the same patient remain less clear. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study by deep sequencing 198 swab samples collected from COVID-19 patients with varying infection durations. Our analysis showed that prolonged infections enhanced viral genomic diversity, leading to emergence of co-occurring variants that maintained high (>20%) frequency and became dominant in virus populations. We observed heterogeneous intrahost dynamics among individual patients, 2 of whom exhibited a minor variant of the spike D614G substitution over the course of infection. The increase in intrahost variants strongly correlated with prolonged infections, highlighting the complex interplay between viral diversity and host factors. This study revealed the intricate evolutionary mechanisms driving the emergence of de novo variants and lineage dominance, which could inform development of effective vaccine candidates and strategies to protect public health.

• Scheffersomyces spartinae Fungemia among Pediatric Patients, Pakistan, 2020–2024
  K. Jabeen et al.
• The burden and molecular epidemiology of group A Streptococcus among American Indian individuals in the White Mountain Apache Tribal lands, 2016–2019
  C. G. Sutcliffe et al.
• Multidisciplinary Tracking of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Griffon Vultures, Southern Europe, 2022
  J. Hirschinger et al.
• Estimated COVID-19 Periodicity and Correlation with SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Antigenic Diversity, United States
  E. Rose et al.
• Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) Viruses in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023–2024
  Y. Seo et al.

Dispatches

• Gastric Submucosal Tumor in Patient Infected with Dioctophyme renale, South Korea
  D. Kim et al.
• Case Report of Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus Infection Linked to Travel to Democratic Republic of the Congo, Thailand, 2024
  D. Srithammavong et al. View Abstract

  We report clade Ib monkeypox virus infection in a patient who returned to Thailand from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the subclade epicenter. Improved diagnostic testing, public health response, and surveillance systems for mpox are needed in Thailand, and preexposure mpox vaccination should be considered, especially for high-risk persons.

• Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Vittaforma corneae, Sea of Galilee, Israel, 2022–2024
  A. Friehmann et al. View Abstract

  We describe a multiannual outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused by the microsporidium Vittaforma corneae in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Patients had multifocal punctate corneal infiltrates and reduced visual acuity, confirmed by locally-developed pathogen-specific real-time PCR. Topical chlorhexidine, rather than traditional antimicrobial drugs, proved an effective and safe primary treatment.

• Progression from Candida auris Colonization Screening to Clinical Case Status, United States, 2016–2023
  A. D. Baker et al.
• ACE2 Receptor Usage Across Animal Species by SARS-CoV-2 Variants
  M. Hatta et al.
• Genomic Surveillance Detection of SARS-CoV-1–Like Virus Taxa in Rhinolophidae Bats, Bandarban Region, Bangladesh
  C. Bradburne et al.
• A Roiling Boil: Variance Among Public Health Agencies’ Boil Water Guidance
  M. Dorris et al.
• Genetic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b, Antarctica, 2024
  V. Neira et al.
• Co-circulation of Dengue and South American–origin Zika Viruses, Pakistan
  N. T. Iqbal et al.
• Neurologic Manifestations Associated with Parvovirus B19 Epidemic, Madrid, Spain, 2024
  C. Veintimilla et al.
• COVID-19 Predeparture Test Results and Vaccination Coverage among United States–Bound Refugees, 2020–2022
  A. S. Judge et al.
• Recombinant Myxoma Virus in European Brown Hares, 2023–2024
  L. Fischer et al.
• Community-Scale Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Viruses in Wild Mammals, United States
  G. Wilson-Henjum et al.

Research Letters

• Complete Genome Analysis of African Swine Fever Virus Isolated from Wild Boar, India, 2021
  D. Senthilkumar et al.
• Nipah Virus Antibodies in Bats, Philippines, 2013–2022
  Y. Kaku et al.
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Africa 1 Lineage in Hyalomma dromedarii Ticks, Algeria, 2023
  M. Temani et al.
• Detection Rates of Rift Valley and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Antibodies, Benin, 2023
  N. Olk et al.
• Emergence of Novel Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutations in Mycoplasma bovis, China, 2008–2023
  S. Lan et al.
• Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus vogeli from Human Case, Colombia, 2024
  J. A. Morcillo Muñoz et al.

Letter

• Henipavirus in Northern Short-Tailed Shrew, Alabama, USA
  V. C. Haring et al.

Etymologia

• Mpox [emʹpoks] and Monkeypox Virus [muhngʹkee poksʹ vī-ruhsʹ]
  C. Partin

Online Report

• Optimal Timing for Expanding Diagnostic Laboratories, South Korea
  J. Park et al.

Research

• Detection of Multiple Nosocomial Trichosporon asahii Transmission Events via Microsatellite Typing Assay, South America
  E. C. Francisco et al.
• Epidemiology of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Felids at Border of Brazil—Treatment Failure without Initial Elevated Itraconazole MICs
  C. do Prado et al.
• Drivers of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Natural Host and Effects of Control Measures, Bulgaria
  G. Limon et al.

Dispatch

• CYP2D6 Genotype and Primaquine Treatment in Patients with Suspected Malaria, Venezuela
  C. Pacheco et al.

Research Letter

• Linezolid and Meropenem for Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Actinomycetoma
  K. Sardana et al.