Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Transmission Dynamics of Dengue Virus, Ceará State, Brazil, 2010–2025
Shirlene T.S. de Lima
1, Ingra M. Claro
1, Xinyi Hua
1, Livia Sacchetto, Ronaldo de Jesus, Leda M. Simões Mello, Júlia Forato, Erika R. Manuli, Cailin McDonald, Maria Eduarda T. de Lima, Clarissa P.M. Ferraz, Larissa M.F. Duarte, Vânia A.F. Viana, Mariana Araújo Costa, Antônio Carlos Firmino, Jayra J.P.A. Abrantes, Ludmila O.C. Sena, Débora Bezerra Silva, Sônia M.S. Macedo, Ester C. Sabino, Rodrigo F. do Carmo, Julio Croda, José Luiz Proenca-Modena, and William M. de Souza
Author affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA (S.T.S. de Lima, I.M. Claro, X. Hua, C. McDonald, W.M. de Souza); Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil (S.T.S. de Lima, L. Sacchetto, J. Forato, J.L. Proenca-Modena); Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil (S.T.S. de Lima, C.P.M. Ferraz, L.M.F. Duarte, V.A.F. Viana, A.C. Firmino, D.B. Silva, S.M.S. Macedo); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (R. de Jesus, L.M. Simões Mello); Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (E.R. Manuli, E.C. Sabino); Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil (E.R. Manuli); Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza (M.E.T. de Lima); Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil (M.A. Costa); Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (J.J.P.A. Abrantes); Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil (L.O.C. Sena); Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil (R.F. do Carmo); FIOCRUZ, Campo Grande, Brazil (J. Croda)
Main Article
Figure 4
Figure 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of DENV lineages detected from study of DENV transmission dynamics, Ceará State, Brazil, February 2024–July 2025. A) DENV-1 lineage V_D1.1; B) DENV-1 lineage V_E1; C) DENV-1 lineage V_E1; D) DENV-2 lineage II_F1.1.2; E) DENV-2 lineage II_F1.1.5; F) DENV-3 lineage III_B3.2. A total of 180 DENV genomes generated in this study from Ceará were analyzed alongside publicly available global references. Final datasets comprised DENV-1 lineage V_D1.1 (n = 218), DENV-1 lineage V_E1 (n = 791), DENV-2 lineage II_F1.1.2 (n = 499), DENV-2 lineage II_F1.1.5 (n = 133), DENV-2 lineage III_C1.1 (n = 366), and DENV-3 lineage III_B3.2 (n = 734). Tips are colored by region or state of origin. Red dots indicate newly generated DENV sequences in this study. Phylogenies are midpoint-rooted for clarity. Scale bars represent substitutions per nucleotide site. Bootstrap support values (1,000 replicates) are shown at key nodes. Complete phylogenies for each lineage and GenBank accession numbers for all sequences used are provided (Appendix). DENV, dengue virus; UNK, unknown region of Brazil.
Main Article
Page created: September 08, 2026
Page updated: October 15, 2026
Page reviewed: October 15, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.