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Volume 32, Number 11—November 2026

Research

Five-Biomarker Definition for Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection and Abscess Complications, Japan, 2022–2024

Naoki WatanabeComments to Author , Tomohisa Watari, Yoshihito Otsuka, and Tomoh Matsumiya
Author affiliation: Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan (N. Watanabe, T. Matsumiya); Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (T. Watari, Y. Otsuka)

Main Article

Figure 1

Flow diagram of episode inclusion in study of 5-biomarker definition for hvKp bloodstream infection and abscess complications, Japan, 2022–2024. Of 290 first episodes of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex bloodstream infection, 207 K. pneumoniae episodes were included in the clinical analysis. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 164 isolates by using an enriched sampling strategy comprising all hvKp isolates, all isolates with 1–4 biomarkers, all 3GCR isolates, and a random sample of the cKp isolates with overlap between categories. 3GCR, third-generation cephalosporin–resistant; cKp, classical K. pneumoniae; hvKp, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.

Figure 1. Flow diagram of episode inclusion in study of 5-biomarker definition for hvKp bloodstream infection and abscess complications, Japan, 2022–2024. Of 290 first episodes of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex bloodstream infection, 207 K. pneumoniae episodes were included in the clinical analysis. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 164 isolates by using an enriched sampling strategy comprising all hvKp isolates, all isolates with 1–4 biomarkers, all 3GCR isolates, and a random sample of the cKp isolates with overlap between categories. 3GCR, third-generation cephalosporin–resistant; cKp, classical K. pneumoniae; hvKp, hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.

Main Article

Page created: September 16, 2026
Page updated: October 14, 2026
Page reviewed: October 14, 2026
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