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Volume 32, Number 2—February 2026

Dispatch

Multiplex PCR to Differentiate Monkeypox Virus Clades

Christopher T. Williams, Alessandra Romero-Ramirez, Adeleye Adesola Semiu, Samuel Oluwafunmbi Ifabumuyi, Caitlin Greenland-Bews, Susan Gould, Dominic Wooding, Collette Allen, Anushri Somasundaran, Nicodemus Nnabuike Mkpuma, Dorcas Gado, Jolly Amoche Adole, Abdulakeem Eniola Amoo, Abisola Ajoke Adeyemi, Laure Bosquillon de Jarcy, Christine Goffinet, Jake Dunning, Malcolm G. Semple, Esto Bahizire, Afolabi Akinpelu, Thomas E. Fletcher, Ana I. Cubas-Atienzar, Cristina Leggio, Adeyinka Adedeji, Adesuyi A. Omoare2, Thomas Edwards2Comments to Author , and The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium Investigators,1
Author affiliation: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (C.T. Williams, A. Romero-Ramirez, C. Greenland-Bews, S. Gould, D. Wooding, A. Somasundaran, L. Bosquillon de Jarcy, C. Goffinet, T.E. Fletcher, A. Cubas-Atienzar, T. Edwards); Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria (A.A. Semiu, S.O. Ifabumuyi, A. Akinpelu, A.A. Omoare); UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down–Salisbury, UK (C. Allen, C. Leggio); National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria (N.N. Mkpuma, D. Gado, J.A. Adole, A. Adedeji, T. Edwards); Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Central Public Health Laboratory, Yaba, Nigeria (A.E. Amoo, A.A. Adeyemi); Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (L. Bosquillon de Jarcy); Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (L. Bosquillon de Jarcy); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (J. Dunning); Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (J. Dunning); University of Liverpool, Liverpool (M.G. Semple); Catholic University of Bukavu, Bugabo Campus, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (E. Bahizire)

Main Article

Table 1

Assay interpretation of multiplex PCR to differentiate monkeypox virus clades from the United Kingdom and Nigeria*

Result Probe
Clade I (T46417C, G46421A, A46427C, C46435T) Clade Ib (Δ19,128–20,270) Non-IIb (G183695, C183696) Clade IIb (G183695A, C183696T) Lineage B.1 (C84587T)
Clade Ia Positive Negative Positive Negative Negative
Clade Ib Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative
Clade IIa Negative Negative Positive Negative Negative
Clade IIb Negative Negative Negative Positive Negative
Lineage B.1 Negative Negative Negative Positive Positive

*Values in parentheses are the sites of nucleotide mutations each probe was assigned to.

Main Article

1Members of the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium are listed at the end of this article.

2These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: January 26, 2026
Page updated: February 20, 2026
Page reviewed: February 20, 2026
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