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Volume 32, Number 2—February 2026

Research Letter

Multicenter Serologic Investigation of Influenza D Virus in Cats and Dogs, Europe, 2015–2024

Claudia Maria TrombettaComments to Author , Aurora Fiori1, Alessandro Falsini1, Francesco Pellegrini, Sophie Le Poder, Amit Eichenbaum, Venetia Cardona, Justine Oliva, Gilles Meyer, Nataliia Muzyka, Denys Muzyka, Emanuele Montomoli, Barbara di Martino, Mariette F. Ducatez, Gianvito Lanave, Vito Martella, and Michele Camero
Author affiliation: University of Siena, Siena, Italy (C.M. Trombetta, A. Fiori, A. Falsini, E. Montomoli); University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy (F. Pellegrini, G. Lanave, V. Martella, M. Camero); Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (S. Le Poder, A. Eichenbaum, V. Cardona); Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France (J. Oliva, G. Meyer, M.F. Ducatez); National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine (N. Muzyka; D. Muzyka); Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden (D. Muzyka); VisMederi srl, Siena (E. Montomoli); University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (B. di Martino); University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (V. Martella)

Main Article

Table 1

Overview of samples, including country, year of collection, testing assays, IDV strains, and other information, analyzed for multicenter serologic investigation of IDV in cats and dogs, Europe, 2015–2024*

Animal species Country No. samples (type) Year of collection Assay IDV strain Other tests or assays
Cat
 France 47 (serum) 2015–2018 HI D/OK ICV HI, IAV NP ELISA
Italy 132 (serum) 2023–2024 HI D/OK, D/660 None
Ukraine
 118 (serum)
 2020–2023–2024
 HI
 D/OK, D/660
 None
Dog France 114 (serum), 41 (nasal swab), 24 (lung fragment) 2015–2018 HI, qRT-PCR D/OK ICV HI, IAV NP ELISA
Ukraine 122 (serum) 2020–2023–2024 HI D/OK, D/660 IAV NP ELISA

*HI, hemagglutination inhibition; IAV NP ELISA, influenza A virus antibodies by nucleoprotein ELISA; ICV, influenza C virus; IDV, influenza D virus, qRT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription PCR.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 31, 2025
Page updated: February 12, 2026
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