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Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Transmission across Chicken Production and Distribution Networks, Vietnam
Mathew Hennessey
, Thuy Hoang Thi, Jayna Raghwani, Younjung Kim, Hoa Thi Thanh Pham, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Hung Quoc Nguyen, Joshua G. Lynton-Jenkins, Ashley C. Banyard, Ian H. Brown, Joe James, Tom Lewis, Nicola S. Lewis, Dirk Pfeiffer, Fiona Tomley, Damer Blake, Ngoc Pham Thi, Anne Conan, Vuong Nghia Bui
1, and Guillaume Fournié
1
Author affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, London, UK (M. Hennessy, J. Raghwani, N.S. Lewis, D. Pfeiffer, F. Tomley, D. Blake, G. Fournié); National Institute of Veterinary Research, Nha Trang, Vietnam (T.H. Thi, T.H. Nguyen, H.Q. Nguyen, N.P. Thi, V.N. Bui); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Y. Kim); Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (H.T.T. Pham, A. Conan); World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK (J.G. Lynton-Jenkins, A.C. Banyard, J. James, T. Lewis); Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK (I.H. Brown); World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Influenza Reference and Research, London (N.S. Lewis); City University, Hong Kong, China (A. Conan); French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, Harare, Zimbabwe (A. Conan); Université de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France (G. Fournié); Université Clermont Auvergne, Saint Genes Champanelle, France (G. Fournié)
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Figure 3
Figure 3. Time-scaled phylogenies of neuraminidase of sampled avian influenza virus A(H9N2) virus genomes in study of H9N2 virus prevalence across chicken production and distribution networks, Bac Giang, Hanoi, Hai Duong, and Quang Ninh Provinces, Vietnam, March 2021–March 2022. Tree tips are labeled by the unique sampled site identification; red text indicates sequences from 3 farms in the spatiotemporal cluster. Heatmaps indicate province, site type, and chicken type of each sequence. C, chicken type; P, province; S site type.
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