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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026

Synopsis

Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease Linked to Newly Installed Residential Water Heaters, the Netherlands, 2022–2023

Daphne F.M. ReukersComments to Author , Sjoerd M. Euser, Alvin A. Bartels, Martijn G. Keet, Marijke Boot, Wilhelmina L.M. Ruijs, and Petra S. Brandsema
Author affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (D.F.M. Reukers, A.A. Bartels, M.G. Keet, M. Boot, W.L.M. Ruijs, P.S. Brandsema); Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands (S.M. Euser)

Main Article

Figure 3

Genomic links among Legionella pneumophila isolates from reference sources and from an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease linked to newly installed residential water heaters, the Netherlands, 2022–2023. Minimum-spanning tree was based on 1,521 core genome sequencing typing targets showing genomic links between L. pneumophila isolates from 8 clinical (red font) and 4 environmental (blue font) sequence type 37 isolates related to the outbreak, as well as 3 randomly selected non–outbreak-related sequence type 37 isolates from 2012, 2015, and 2019 for context (black font). Numbers on nodes indicate allele differences.

Figure 3. Genomic links among Legionella pneumophila isolates from reference sources and from an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease linked to newly installed residential water heaters, the Netherlands, 2022–2023. Minimum-spanning tree was based on 1,521 core genome sequencing typing targets showing genomic links between L. pneumophila isolates from 8 clinical (red font) and 4 environmental (blue font) sequence type 37 isolates related to the outbreak, as well as 3 randomly selected non–outbreak-related sequence type 37 isolates from 2012, 2015, and 2019 for context (black font). Numbers on nodes indicate allele differences.

Main Article

Page created: May 13, 2026
Page updated: June 25, 2026
Page reviewed: June 25, 2026
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