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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026
Research
Infections in Infancy and Association with Long-Term Weight Gain and Obesity in Children, Southern California, USA
Zackary W. Taylor
and Jane C. Lin
and Jane C. Lin
Table 3
Multivariable analysis of IWAT versus IWOT by age, obesity, and weight gain in children from California, USA*
| Characteristics |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
p value |
| Age 4–6 y | ||
| Antimicrobial drug-obesity association | ||
| IWAT vs. IWOT | 1.06 (1–1.12) | 0.05 |
| No. courses | ||
| 1 | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 0.1 |
| 2 | 1.1 (1.01–1.2) | 0.02 |
| >2 | 1 (0.89–1.12) | 0.9 |
| Antimicrobial drug class | ||
| Narrow-spectrum | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 0.2 |
| Broad-spectrum | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 0.02 |
| Age at first antimicrobial drug, mo | ||
| <6 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 0.006 |
| >6 | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.4 |
| Antimicrobial drug–associated weight gain, kg | ||
| IWAT vs. IWOT | 0.06 (0.01–0.11) | 0.01 |
| No. courses | ||
| 1 | 0.05 (0–0.1) | 0.04 |
| 2 | 0.09 (0.02–0.17) | 0.02 |
| >2 | 0.05 (−0.06–0.15) | 0.4 |
| Antibiotic class | ||
| Narrow | 0.05 (0–0.1) | 0.06 |
| Broad spectrum | 0.08 (0.02–0.14) | 0.01 |
| Age at first antimicrobial drug, mo | ||
| <6 | 0.11 (0.04–0.17) | 0.001 |
| >6 |
0.03 (−0.02–0.08) |
0.2 |
| Age 10–15 y | ||
| Antimicrobial drug–obesity association | ||
| IWAT vs. IWOT | 1.05 (0.99 - 1.1) | 0.08 |
| No. courses | ||
| 1 | 1.04 (0.98 – 1.1) | 0.2 |
| 2 | 1.1 (1.02 – 1.19) | 0.02 |
| >2 | 1.01 (0.9 - 1.12) | 0.9 |
| Antimicrobial drug class | ||
| Narrow-spectrum | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.5 |
| Broad spectrum | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.01 |
| Age at first antimicrobial drug, mo | ||
| <6 | 1.06 (1–1.14) | 0.07 |
| >6 | 1.04 (0.98–1.12) | 0.2 |
| Antimicrobial drug–associated weight gain, kg | ||
| IWAT vs. IWOT | 0.23 (0.02–0.44) | 0.03 |
| No. courses | ||
| 1 | 0.19 (−0.04–0.41) | 0.1 |
| 2 | 0.39 (0.06–0.72) | 0.02 |
| >2 | 0.18 (−0.27–0.64) | 0.4 |
| Antimicrobial drug class | ||
| Narrow-spectrum | 0.13 (−0.11–0.37) | 0.3 |
| Broad spectrum | 0.4 (0.13–0.67) | 0.004 |
| Age at first antimicrobial drug, mo | ||
| <6 | 0.32 (0.05–0.6) | 0.02 |
| >6 | 0.18 (−0.06–0.41) | 0.1 |
*IWAT, clinical infection in infancy with antimicrobial drug treatment; IWOT, clinical infection in infancy without antimicrobial drug treatment.
Page created: June 23, 2026
Page updated: July 25, 2026
Page reviewed: July 25, 2026
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