Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum

Colleen Carpenter*, Ronald Fayer*

, James Trout*, and Michael J. Beach†

Author affiliations: *U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA and †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Table 1

Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in recreational water facilities

Facility	Location	Disinfectant	No.of cases estimated/confirmed)	Date (year)	Ref.
Pool	Doncaster, UK	Chlorine	^a/79	1988	2
Pool	Los Angeles County	Chlorine	44/5	1988	3
Pool	British Columbia	Chlorine	66/23	1990	4
Pool	Gloucestershire, UK	Ozone/chlorine	^a/13	1992	5
Water slide	Idaho	Chlorine	500/^a	1992	6
Pool (wave)	Oregon	Chlorine	^a/52	1992	7
Pool (motel)	Wisconsin	Chlorine	51/22	1993	8,9
Pool (motel)	Wisconsin	Chlorine	64/^b	1993	9
Pool	Wisconsin	Chlorine	5/^b	1993	9
Pool	Wisconsin	Chlorine	54/^b	1993	9
Pool (motel)	Missouri	Chlorine	101/26	1994	10
Lake	New Jersey	None	2,070/46	1994	11
Pool	Sutherland, New South Wales	Chlorine	^a/70	1994	12
Pool	Kansas	^a	101/26	1995	13
Water park	Georgia	Chlorine	2,470/62	1995	13
Water park	Nebraska	^a	^a/14	1995	13
Pool	Florida	^a	22/16	1996	14^c
Water park	California	Chlorine	3,000/29	1996	13,15^c
Pool	Andover, UK	Chlorine	8/^a	1996	16
Lake	Indiana	None	3/^a	1996	13
River	NW England & Wales	None	27/7	1997	17^c
Pool	SW England & Wales	Ozone & chlorine	^a/9	1997	17^c
Fountain	Minnesota	Sand filter	369/73	1997	18
Three pools	Canberra, Australia	^a	^a/210	1998	19^c,20^c
Pool	Oregon	^a	51/8	1998	21^c
Pools	Queensland	^a	129/^a	1997	21^c
Pools	New South Wales	^a	370/^a	1998	22^c
Pools	Hutt Valley, New Zealand	^a	^a/171	1998	23^c

^aNo data available.
^bReference did not identify cases as estimated or confirmed.
^cReference is not peer reviewed and may not reflect a rigorous investigation of the outbreak.

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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.

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Page created: December 13, 2010
Page last updated: December 13, 2010
Page last reviewed: December 13, 2010
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