Volume 5, Number 4—August 1999

THEME ISSUE
Bioterrorism

Perspective

• Bioterrorism: How Prepared Are We? PDF Version[PDF - 45 KB - 2 pages]
  D. E. Shalala
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  EID	Shalala DE. Bioterrorism: How Prepared Are We?. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):492-493. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990402
  AMA	Shalala DE. Bioterrorism: How Prepared Are We?. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):492-493. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990402.
  APA	Shalala, D. E. (1999). Bioterrorism: How Prepared Are We?. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 492-493. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990402.

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• The Emerging Threat of Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 44 KB - 2 pages]
  J. M. Hughes
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  EID	Hughes JM. The Emerging Threat of Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):494-495. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990403
  AMA	Hughes JM. The Emerging Threat of Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):494-495. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990403.
  APA	Hughes, J. M. (1999). The Emerging Threat of Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 494-495. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990403.

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• View from the Hill: Congressional Efforts to Address Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 42 KB - 1 page]
  S. A. McCann
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  EID	McCann SA. View from the Hill: Congressional Efforts to Address Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):496. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990404
  AMA	McCann SA. View from the Hill: Congressional Efforts to Address Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):496. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990404.
  APA	McCann, S. A. (1999). View from the Hill: Congressional Efforts to Address Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 496. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990404.

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• Finding the Right Balance against Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 42 KB - 1 page]
  R. A. Clarke
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  EID	Clarke RA. Finding the Right Balance against Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):497. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990405
  AMA	Clarke RA. Finding the Right Balance against Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):497. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990405.
  APA	Clarke, R. A. (1999). Finding the Right Balance against Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 497. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990405.

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• The Threat of Biological Attack: Why Concern Now? PDF Version[PDF - 837 KB - 4 pages]
  D. W. Siegrist
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  EID	Siegrist DW. The Threat of Biological Attack: Why Concern Now?. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):505-508. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990407
  AMA	Siegrist DW. The Threat of Biological Attack: Why Concern Now?. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):505-508. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990407.
  APA	Siegrist, D. W. (1999). The Threat of Biological Attack: Why Concern Now?. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 505-508. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990407.

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• Potential Biological Weapons Threats PDF Version[PDF - 65 KB - 5 pages]
  M. G. Kortepeter and G. W. Parker
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  EID	Kortepeter MG, Parker GW. Potential Biological Weapons Threats. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):523-527. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990411
  AMA	Kortepeter MG, Parker GW. Potential Biological Weapons Threats. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):523-527. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990411.
  APA	Kortepeter, M. G., & Parker, G. W. (1999). Potential Biological Weapons Threats. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 523-527. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990411.

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• Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq PDF Version[PDF - 61 KB - 4 pages]
  C. J. Davis
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  EID	Davis CJ. Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):509-512. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990408
  AMA	Davis CJ. Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):509-512. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990408.
  APA	Davis, C. J. (1999). Nuclear Blindness: An Overview of the Biological Weapons Programs of the Former Soviet Union and Iraq. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 509-512. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990408.

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• Aum Shinrikyo: Once and Future Threat? PDF Version[PDF - 61 KB - 4 pages]
  K. B. Olson
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  EID	Olson KB. Aum Shinrikyo: Once and Future Threat?. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):413-416. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990409
  AMA	Olson KB. Aum Shinrikyo: Once and Future Threat?. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):413-416. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990409.
  APA	Olson, K. B. (1999). Aum Shinrikyo: Once and Future Threat?. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 413-416. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990409.

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• The Prospect of Domestic Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 70 KB - 6 pages]
  J. Stern
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  EID	Stern J. The Prospect of Domestic Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):517-522. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990410
  AMA	Stern J. The Prospect of Domestic Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):517-522. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990410.
  APA	Stern, J. (1999). The Prospect of Domestic Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 517-522. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990410.

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• Vaccines in Civilian Defense Against Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 56 KB - 3 pages]
  P. K. Russell
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  EID	Russell PK. Vaccines in Civilian Defense Against Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):531-533. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990413
  AMA	Russell PK. Vaccines in Civilian Defense Against Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):531-533. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990413.
  APA	Russell, P. K. (1999). Vaccines in Civilian Defense Against Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 531-533. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990413.

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• Epidemiology of Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 57 KB - 3 pages]
  J. A. Pavlin
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  EID	Pavlin JA. Epidemiology of Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):528-530. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990412
  AMA	Pavlin JA. Epidemiology of Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):528-530. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990412.
  APA	Pavlin, J. A. (1999). Epidemiology of Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 528-530. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990412.

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• Vaccines, Pharmaceutical Products, and Bioterrorism: Challenges for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration PDF Version[PDF - 66 KB - 3 pages]
  K. C. Zoon
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  EID	Zoon KC. Vaccines, Pharmaceutical Products, and Bioterrorism: Challenges for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):534-536. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990414
  AMA	Zoon KC. Vaccines, Pharmaceutical Products, and Bioterrorism: Challenges for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):534-536. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990414.
  APA	Zoon, K. C. (1999). Vaccines, Pharmaceutical Products, and Bioterrorism: Challenges for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 534-536. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990414.

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• Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features PDF Version[PDF - 247 KB - 3 pages]
  D. A. Henderson
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  EID	Henderson DA. Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):537-539. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990415
  AMA	Henderson DA. Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):537-539. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990415.
  APA	Henderson, D. A. (1999). Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 537-539. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990415.

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• Smallpox: An Attack Scenario PDF Version[PDF - 63 KB - 7 pages]
  T. O'Toole
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  EID	O'Toole T. Smallpox: An Attack Scenario. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):540-546. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990416
  AMA	O'Toole T. Smallpox: An Attack Scenario. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):540-546. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990416.
  APA	O'Toole, T. (1999). Smallpox: An Attack Scenario. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 540-546. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990416.

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• Aftermath of a Hypothetical Smallpox Disaster PDF Version[PDF - 58 KB - 5 pages]
  J. Bardi
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  EID	Bardi J. Aftermath of a Hypothetical Smallpox Disaster. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):547-551. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990417
  AMA	Bardi J. Aftermath of a Hypothetical Smallpox Disaster. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):547-551. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990417.
  APA	Bardi, J. (1999). Aftermath of a Hypothetical Smallpox Disaster. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 547-551. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990417.

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• Clinical and Epidemiologic Principles of Anthrax PDF Version[PDF - 62 KB - 4 pages]
  T. J. Cieslak and E. M. Eitzen
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  EID	Cieslak TJ, Eitzen EM. Clinical and Epidemiologic Principles of Anthrax. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):552-555. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990418
  AMA	Cieslak TJ, Eitzen EM. Clinical and Epidemiologic Principles of Anthrax. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):552-555. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990418.
  APA	Cieslak, T. J., & Eitzen, E. M. (1999). Clinical and Epidemiologic Principles of Anthrax. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 552-555. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990418.

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• Anthrax: A Possible Case History PDF Version[PDF - 63 KB - 5 pages]
  T. V. Inglesby
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  EID	Inglesby TV. Anthrax: A Possible Case History. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):556-560. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990419
  AMA	Inglesby TV. Anthrax: A Possible Case History. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):556-560. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990419.
  APA	Inglesby, T. V. (1999). Anthrax: A Possible Case History. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 556-560. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990419.

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• Applying Lessons Learned from Anthrax Case History To Other Scenarios PDF Version[PDF - 55 KB - 3 pages]
  J. G. Bartlett
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  EID	Bartlett JG. Applying Lessons Learned from Anthrax Case History To Other Scenarios. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):561-563. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990420
  AMA	Bartlett JG. Applying Lessons Learned from Anthrax Case History To Other Scenarios. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):561-563. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990420.
  APA	Bartlett, J. G. (1999). Applying Lessons Learned from Anthrax Case History To Other Scenarios. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 561-563. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990420.

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• Addressing Bioterrorist Threats: Where Do We Go from Here? PDF Version[PDF - 46 KB - 2 pages]
  M. A. Hamburg
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  EID	Hamburg MA. Addressing Bioterrorist Threats: Where Do We Go from Here?. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):564-565. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990421
  AMA	Hamburg MA. Addressing Bioterrorist Threats: Where Do We Go from Here?. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):564-565. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990421.
  APA	Hamburg, M. A. (1999). Addressing Bioterrorist Threats: Where Do We Go from Here?. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 564-565. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990421.

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Historical Review

• Historical Trends Related to Bioterrorism: An Empirical Analysis PDF Version[PDF - 1.11 MB - 7 pages]
  J. B. Tucker
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  EID	Tucker JB. Historical Trends Related to Bioterrorism: An Empirical Analysis. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):498-504. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990406
  AMA	Tucker JB. Historical Trends Related to Bioterrorism: An Empirical Analysis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):498-504. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990406.
  APA	Tucker, J. B. (1999). Historical Trends Related to Bioterrorism: An Empirical Analysis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 498-504. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990406.

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Volume 5, Number 4—August 1999 - Continued

Dispatches

• The Surveillance of Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Wales, 1990 to 1998 PDF Version[PDF - 68 KB - 4 pages]
  R. M. Chalmers et al.
      View Abstract

  Population-based surveillance for Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 has been carried out in Wales since 1990. The annual incidence has remained stable during the 9-year period (mean: 1.6 cases per 100,000 population); the rate is highest in children younger than 5 years of age. Blood in the stool is reported in fewer than half the cases, indicating the importance of screening all fecal specimens for VTEC O157.

      Cite This Article

  EID	Chalmers RM, Parry SM, Salmon RL, Smith R, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T, et al. The Surveillance of Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Wales, 1990 to 1998. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):566-569. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990422
  AMA	Chalmers RM, Parry SM, Salmon RL, et al. The Surveillance of Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Wales, 1990 to 1998. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):566-569. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990422.
  APA	Chalmers, R. M., Parry, S. M., Salmon, R. L., Smith, R., Willshaw, G. A., & Cheasty, T. (1999). The Surveillance of Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Wales, 1990 to 1998. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 566-569. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990422.

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• A Focus of Deer Tick Virus Transmission in the Northcentral United States PDF Version[PDF - 89 KB - 5 pages]
  G. D. Ebel et al.
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  We screened salivary glands from adult deer ticks collected near Spooner and Hayward, Wisconsin, to determine whether deer tick virus, a recently described flavivirus, occurs with other tickborne agents in the upper Midwest. Intraacinar inclusions sug- gestive of replicating virus were detected in 4 (4.6%) of 87 ticks. The virus was isolated by suckling-mouse inoculation.

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  EID	Ebel GD, Foppa I, Spielman A, Telford SR. A Focus of Deer Tick Virus Transmission in the Northcentral United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):570-574. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990423
  AMA	Ebel GD, Foppa I, Spielman A, et al. A Focus of Deer Tick Virus Transmission in the Northcentral United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):570-574. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990423.
  APA	Ebel, G. D., Foppa, I., Spielman, A., & Telford, S. R. (1999). A Focus of Deer Tick Virus Transmission in the Northcentral United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 570-574. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990423.

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• Dengue Reemergence in Argentina PDF Version[PDF - 299 KB - 4 pages]
  G. Avilés et al.
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  Aedes aegypti, eradicated from Argentina in 1963, has now reinfested the country as far south as Buenos Aires. In 1997, four persons with travel histories to Brazil, Ecuador, or Venezuela had confirmed dengue, and surveillance for indigenous transmission allowed the detection of 19 dengue cases in Salta Province. These cases of dengue are the first in Argentina since 1916 and represent a new southern extension of dengue virus.

      Cite This Article

  EID	Avilés G, Rangeón G, Vorndam V, Briones A, Baroni P, Enria D, et al. Dengue Reemergence in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):575-578. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990424
  AMA	Avilés G, Rangeón G, Vorndam V, et al. Dengue Reemergence in Argentina. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):575-578. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990424.
  APA	Avilés, G., Rangeón, G., Vorndam, V., Briones, A., Baroni, P., Enria, D....Sabattini, M. (1999). Dengue Reemergence in Argentina. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 575-578. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990424.

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• Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum PDF Version[PDF - 73 KB - 6 pages]
  C. Carpenter et al.
      View Abstract

  We examined the effects of chlorine on oocyst viability, under the conditions of controlled pH and elevated calcium concentrations required for most community swimming pools. We found that fecal material may alter the Ct values (chlorine concentration in mg/L, multiplied by time in minutes) needed to disinfect swimming pools or other recreational water for Cryptosporidium parvum.

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  EID	Carpenter C, Fayer R, Trout J, Beach MJ. Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):579-584. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990425
  AMA	Carpenter C, Fayer R, Trout J, et al. Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):579-584. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990425.
  APA	Carpenter, C., Fayer, R., Trout, J., & Beach, M. J. (1999). Chlorine Disinfection of Recreational Water for Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 579-584. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990425.

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• Cyclospora cayetanensis Among Expatriate and Indigenous Populations of West Java, Indonesia PDF Version[PDF - 139 KB - 4 pages]
  D. J. Fryauff et al.
      View Abstract

  From January 1995 through July 1998, we investigated the occurrence of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection associated with gastrointestinal illness or diarrhea in foreign residents and natives of West Java, Indonesia. We found that C. cayetanensis was the main protozoal cause of gastrointestinal illness and diarrhea in adult foreign residents during the wet season. The parasite rarely caused illness in the indigenous population or in children.

      Cite This Article

  EID	Fryauff DJ, Krippner R, Prodjodipuro P, Ewald C, Kawengian S, Pegelow K, et al. Cyclospora cayetanensis Among Expatriate and Indigenous Populations of West Java, Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):585-588. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990426
  AMA	Fryauff DJ, Krippner R, Prodjodipuro P, et al. Cyclospora cayetanensis Among Expatriate and Indigenous Populations of West Java, Indonesia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):585-588. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990426.
  APA	Fryauff, D. J., Krippner, R., Prodjodipuro, P., Ewald, C., Kawengian, S., Pegelow, K....Gross, R. (1999). Cyclospora cayetanensis Among Expatriate and Indigenous Populations of West Java, Indonesia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 585-588. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990426.

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• The First Major Outbreak of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Delhi, India PDF Version[PDF - 58 KB - 2 pages]
  L. Dar et al.
      View Abstract

  An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHS/DSS) occurred in 1996 in India in and near Delhi. The cause was confirmed as dengue virus type 2, by virus cultivation and indirect immunofluorescence with type-specific monoclonal antibodies. This is the largest such outbreak reported from India, indicating a serious resurgence of dengue virus infection.

      Cite This Article

  EID	Dar L, Broor S, Sengupta S, Seth P. The First Major Outbreak of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Delhi, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):589-590. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990427
  AMA	Dar L, Broor S, Sengupta S, et al. The First Major Outbreak of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Delhi, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):589-590. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990427.
  APA	Dar, L., Broor, S., Sengupta, S., & Seth, P. (1999). The First Major Outbreak of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Delhi, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 589-590. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990427.

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Commentaries

• Addressing the Potential Threat of Bioterrorism—Value Added to an Improved Public Health Infrastructure PDF Version[PDF - 40 KB - 1 page]
  J. E. McDade
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  EID	McDade JE. Addressing the Potential Threat of Bioterrorism—Value Added to an Improved Public Health Infrastructure. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):591. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990428
  AMA	McDade JE. Addressing the Potential Threat of Bioterrorism—Value Added to an Improved Public Health Infrastructure. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):591. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990428.
  APA	McDade, J. E. (1999). Addressing the Potential Threat of Bioterrorism—Value Added to an Improved Public Health Infrastructure. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 591. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990428.

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Letters

• Current Status of Smallpox Vaccine PDF Version[PDF - 51 KB - 2 pages]
  J. W. LeDuc and J. Becher
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  EID	LeDuc JW, Becher J. Current Status of Smallpox Vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):593-594. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.9904029
  AMA	LeDuc JW, Becher J. Current Status of Smallpox Vaccine. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):593-594. doi:10.3201/eid0504.9904029.
  APA	LeDuc, J. W., & Becher, J. (1999). Current Status of Smallpox Vaccine. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 593-594. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.9904029.

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• West Nile Fever in Czechland PDF Version[PDF - 54 KB - 1 page]
  Z. Hubálek et al.
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  EID	Hubálek Z, Halouzka J, Juricová Z. West Nile Fever in Czechland. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):594. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990430
  AMA	Hubálek Z, Halouzka J, Juricová Z. West Nile Fever in Czechland. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):594. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990430.
  APA	Hubálek, Z., Halouzka, J., & Juricová, Z. (1999). West Nile Fever in Czechland. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 594. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990430.

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• Ofloxacin-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O139 in Hong Kong PDF Version[PDF - 58 KB - 3 pages]
  K. M. Kam et al.
          Cite This Article

  EID	Kam KM, Luey KY, Cheung TL, Ho KY, Mak KH, Saw PT, et al. Ofloxacin-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O139 in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):595-597. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990431
  AMA	Kam KM, Luey KY, Cheung TL, et al. Ofloxacin-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O139 in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):595-597. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990431.
  APA	Kam, K. M., Luey, K. Y., Cheung, T. L., Ho, K. Y., Mak, K. H., & Saw, P. T. (1999). Ofloxacin-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O139 in Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 595-597. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990431.

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• Plant Pathology and Public Health PDF Version[PDF - 52 KB - 2 pages]
  K. G. Scholthof
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  EID	Scholthof KG. Plant Pathology and Public Health. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):597-598. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990432
  AMA	Scholthof KG. Plant Pathology and Public Health. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):597-598. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990432.
  APA	Scholthof, K. G. (1999). Plant Pathology and Public Health. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 597-598. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990432.

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• Pet-Associated Zoonoses PDF Version[PDF - 46 KB - 1 page]
  L. L. Barton et al.
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  EID	Barton LL, Villar RG, Connick M. Pet-Associated Zoonoses. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):598. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990433
  AMA	Barton LL, Villar RG, Connick M. Pet-Associated Zoonoses. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):598. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990433.
  APA	Barton, L. L., Villar, R. G., & Connick, M. (1999). Pet-Associated Zoonoses. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 598. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990433.

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Books and Media

• Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Practical Approach PDF Version[PDF - 34 KB - 2 pages]
  J. M. Miller
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  EID	Miller JM. Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Practical Approach. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):599-600. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990434
  AMA	Miller JM. Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Practical Approach. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):599-600. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990434.
  APA	Miller, J. M. (1999). Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Practical Approach. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 599-600. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990434.

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About the Cover

• Gassed (1919)
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Conference Summaries

• About the First National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism PDF Version[PDF - 52 KB - 1 page]
  D. Henderson
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  EID	Henderson D. About the First National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5(4):491. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990401
  AMA	Henderson D. About the First National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999;5(4):491. doi:10.3201/eid0504.990401.
  APA	Henderson, D. (1999). About the First National Symposium on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(4), 491. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990401.

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