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Volume 7, Number 1—February 2001
Letter

First Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolate from Blood Culture in Ankara, Turkey

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To the Editor: Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci infections are a major problem in hospitals. Infection or colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci was first reported in France (1) and the United Kingdom (2); since then, these organisms have been reported throughout the world. In Turkey, vancomycin and teicoplanin have been used to treat serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and ampicillin-resistant enterococci infections.

We describe the case of an acute myelocytic leukemia patient with vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infection. This is the first glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate from our hospital and from Ankara, Turkey. The patient had not been cared for at another institution.

A 68-year-old man, hospitalized with acute myelocytic leukemia, had fever episodes during the neutropenia following three courses of remission-induction chemotherapy (daunorubicin+cytosine arabinoside). A combination of antibiotics including vancomycin, ceftazidime (sometimes imipenem), and amikacin were administered with different regimens during the 5 months of hospitalization. Blood, urine, and rectal swab cultures during this period were positive for different Enterobacteriaceae spp. but always negative for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. For long-term hospitalizations, our center routinely performs surveillance rectal swab cultures. At the end of month 5, E. faecium was isolated from the blood cultures, just 1 day before his death.

The strain was identified by conventional methods, commercial automatic systems (API Strep-Biomerièux, France), and polymerase chain reaction. Susceptibility patterns showed that the isolate was resistant to all antibiotics except ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. When the E-test was used, MIC levels for vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin were 256 µg/mL, 64 µg/mL, 0.75 µg/mL, and 1.5 µg/mL, respectively. VAN-A1 and Van-A2 type resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Hacettepe University microbiology laboratories confirmed these results (3,4).

After this strain was isolated, 1,266 stool and 176 rectal swab samples were taken from hospital personnel in three sessions >1 week apart, and patients were tested for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Swab cultures from all environmental surfaces (bed rails, bedside commodes, carts, charts, doorknobs, faucet handles) were also examined. We injected all samples with 5% sheep blood agar with vancomycin (6 mg/L); vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was not identified in any sample.

This was the first case of high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci with a class A phenotype isolated from a person in our hospital or in Ankara, Turkey. To prevent the organism's spread, we began to enact the recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (5).

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Ahmet Basustaoglu*, Hakan Aydogan*, Cengiz Beyan*, Atilla Yalcin*, and Serhat Unal†
Author affiliations: *Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik Ankara, Turkey; †Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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References

  1. Leclercq  R, Derlot  E, Duval  J, Courvalin  P. Plasmid mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:15761. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Uttley  AH, George  RC, Naidoo  J, Woodford  N, Johnson  AP, Collins  CH, High level vancomycin-resistant enterococci causing hospital infection. Epidemiol Infect. 1989;103:17381. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Dutka-Malen  S, Evers  S, Courvalin  P. Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification of the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:247.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Handwerger  S, Skoble  J, Discotto  LF, Pucci  MJ. Heterogeneity of the VanA gene clusters in clinical isolates of enterococci from the northestern United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:3628.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16:105. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

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Cite This Article

DOI: 10.3201/eid0701.700160

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Page created: March 17, 2011
Page updated: March 17, 2011
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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