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Volume 7, Number 2—April 2001
THEME ISSUE
4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections
State of the Art

Economic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance

John E. McGowanComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Table 2

Elements of the economic impact of antimicrobial-drug resistance, by perspective affected

Element Measurementa Perspective affected
Death Costs associated with treatment failure (R) - Costs associated with treatment failure (S) Physician, patient, HCB
Illness Costs associated with pain, suffering, inconvenience (R) - Costs associated with pain, suffering, inconvenience (S) Physician, patient
Care cost Charges for care (R) - Charges for care (S) Patient
Care time Time devoted to care (R) - Time devoted to care (S) Physician, HCB
Length of process (R) - Length of process (S)b Patient, society
Diagnosis costs Costs for diagnosis (R) - Costs for diagnosis (S) HCB
Treatment costs Costs for drugs (additional drugs and treatments, more expensive drugs)(R) - Costs for drugs(S) HCB
Diminished marketability Market for drug use (R) - Market for drug use (S) Drug industry
New markets Market for new drug (S) - New market for new drug (R) (replace current market leader; replace inexpensive drug with more expensive drug; provide new product) Drug industry
Impact on non-treated Increased resistance (R) - Increased resistance (S) Society

aR = extent in patients infected with resistant organism; S = extent in patients infected with susceptible organism; HCB = health-care business.
bCosts associated with lack of routine functions during infection, including loss of work, quality of life for patient (includes both inpatient and outpatient components); for society, reduction of useful function in workforce.

Main Article

Correction: On July 2, 2001 the following correction was made to this article in the second sentence of paragraph 1. The word "billion" replaced "million" in the phrase "...U.S.$4 to $5 million."

Page created: May 10, 2011
Page updated: May 10, 2011
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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