Volume 9, Number 1—January 2003
Research
Epidemic Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Human Enterovirus 71, Singapore
Kwai Peng Chan*
, Kee Tai Goh†, Chia Yin Chong‡, Eng Swee Teo§, Gilbert Lau§, and Ai Ee Ling*
, Kee Tai Goh†, Chia Yin Chong‡, Eng Swee Teo§, Gilbert Lau§, and Ai Ee Ling*
Table 3
Virus yield by specimen typea
| Specimen type | No. specimens |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFMD patients |
Non-HFMD patients |
|||||
| Culture + | HEV 71 + | No. tested | Culture + | HEV 71 + | No. tested | |
| Stool |
58 |
39b |
88 |
11 |
4 |
74 |
| Rectal swab |
6 |
5 |
8 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
| Vesicle |
31 |
27 |
62 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| Oral swab |
23 |
15 |
60 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
| Throat swab |
19 |
16c |
50 |
2 |
1 |
9 |
| Nasal aspirate |
3 |
3d |
6 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Saliva |
1 |
1d |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Tonsil |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Intestine and contents |
2 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
| Brain |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
32 |
| Ulcer |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Conjunctiva |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
| Blood |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Heart |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
| Tracheal swab |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Lymph node |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Spleen |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Lung |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Nasal swab |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| BAL |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Total | 147 | 112 | 311 | 25 | 8 | 157 |
aHFMD, hand, foot and mouth disease; HEV, human enterovirus; +, positive; EV, echovirus; CMV, Cytomegalovirus; BAL, broncho-alveolar lavage.
bDual isolation of HEV71 and EV25 from one specimen.
cDual isolation of HEV71 and Rhinovirus from one specimen.
dDual isolation of HEV71 and CMV from one specimen. Both double-virus positive specimens were received from the same patient.
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