Volume 9, Number 2—February 2003
Dispatch
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in Travelers Returning to Finland: Association of Ciprofloxacin Resistance to Travel Destination
Antti Hakanen*†
, Hannele Jousimies-Somer‡§1, Anja Siitonen‡, Pentti Huovinen*, and Pirkko Kotilainen†
, Hannele Jousimies-Somer‡§1, Anja Siitonen‡, Pentti Huovinen*, and Pirkko Kotilainen†
Table 2
Rate ratios of travel-associated infections with ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolatesa
| Country | Estimated no. of trips from Finland during the study monthsb | No. of all isolates | Speculative infection ratec | Rate ratiod | No. of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates | Speculative infection ratec by ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates | Rate ratiod by ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain (incl. Canary Islands) |
1,145,872 |
77 |
(0.1) |
0.12 (0.08 to 0.17) |
55 |
(0.05) |
0.11 (0.07 to 0.16)d |
| Thailand |
87,842 |
50 |
(0.6) |
1 |
39 |
(0.44) |
1e |
| India |
27,591 |
23 |
(0.8) |
1.46 (0.89 to 2.40) |
11 |
(0.40) |
0.90 (0.46 to 1.75) |
| China |
25,073 |
12 |
(0.5) |
0.84 (0.45 to 1.58) |
8 |
(0.32) |
0.72 (0.34 to 1.54) |
| Portugal | 148,647 | 11 | (0.1) | 0.13 (0.07 to 0.25) | 7 | (0.05) | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.24)e |
aThe five most frequent countries of origin of ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni isolates were included in this analysis.
bBased on the numbers of Finnish travelers to these countries; data collected from the reports of Statistics Finland.
cInfections per 1,000 trips. Since the total number of isolates from Finnish population was not studied, the rate is speculative but could be used to calculate comparable rate ratios.
dThailand as the reference country; 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.
eDifferences between Thailand and Spain, and Thailand and Portugal, are statistically significant (p<0.01).
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