Volume 9, Number 6—June 2003
Dispatch
Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Kabul, Afghanistan
Richard Reithinger*†
, Mohammad Mohsen†, Khoksar Aadil†, Majeed Sidiqi†, Panna Erasmus†, and Paul G. Coleman*
, Mohammad Mohsen†, Khoksar Aadil†, Majeed Sidiqi†, Panna Erasmus†, and Paul G. Coleman*
Table
Within- and between-household clustering of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and scars, Kabul City, Afghanistana
| Explanatory variables | Outcome variableb |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lesion | Scar | ||
| Within-household prevalence |
OR (CI) |
OR (CI) |
|
| Prevalence of lesions in other household members |
132.3 (67.3 to 259.8)
p<0.001 |
3.728 (2.799 to 4.964)
p<0.001 |
|
| Prevalence of scars in other household members |
1.988 (1.500 to 2.635)
p<0.001 |
48.24 (41.79 to 55.68)
p<0.001 |
|
| Between-household prevalence |
|||
| Prevalence of lesions in nearest neighbor households |
2.323 (0.984 to 5.486)
NS |
1.585 (1.036 to 1.353)
p<0.05 |
|
| Prevalence of scars in nearest neighbor households |
1.376 (0.957 to 1.980)
NS |
1.184 (1.036 to 1.353)
p<0.05 |
|
| Other |
|||
| Age |
1.005 (1.000 to 1.009)
p<0.05 |
1.013 (1.011 to 1.015)
p<0.001 |
|
| Sex (female relative to male) |
1.383 (1.177 to 1.626)
p<0.001 |
1.186 (1.108 to 1.270)
p<0.001 |
|
| Sampling areac |
Chi square=213.6, d.f.=89
p<0.001 |
Chi square=330.8, d.f.=89
p<0.001 |
|
| Overall model fit | Pseudo R2 = 11.89% p<0.0001 | Pseudo R2=22.72 p<0.0001 | |
aAbbreviations used: OR, odds ratio; CI, 95% confidence intervals; d.f., degrees of freedom; NS, not significant.
bThe statistical model controlled for age (in years), sex, and sampling area (a total of 90 areas), while the standard errors were adjusted for sampling of persons at the household level.
cThe overall significance of the variable is shown rather than the ORs for the 90 different sampling areas.
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