Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 9, Number 7—July 2003
Research

Emergence and Global Spread of a Dengue Serotype 3, Subtype III Virus

William B. Messer*, Duane J. Gubler†, Eva Harris‡, Kamalanayani Sivananthan§, and Aravinda M. de Silva*Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; ‡University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; §Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Main Article

Figure 1

Phylogenetic tree of established dengue virus 3 subtypes (23) and the relationship of Sri Lanka pre– and post–dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) isolates to the established subtypes. This tree is based on a 708-base segment, positions 437 to 1145, spanning pre-M/M and a portion of the E gene. Scale bar shows number of substitutions per bases weighted by Tamura-Nei algorithm. Horizontal distances are equivalent to the distances between isolates. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap s

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of established dengue virus 3 subtypes (23) and the relationship of Sri Lanka pre– and post–dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) isolates to the established subtypes. This tree is based on a 708-base segment, positions 437 to 1145, spanning pre-M/M and a portion of the E gene. Scale bar shows number of substitutions per bases weighted by Tamura-Nei algorithm. Horizontal distances are equivalent to the distances between isolates. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support values for the branch of the tree inferred at that node. The origin of the viruses and sequences used are listed in Table 1. The amino acid substitutions conserved within each DENV-3 subtype are listed in Table 2. DHF, dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Main Article

References
  1. Briese  T, Jia  XY, Huang  C, Grady  LJ, Lipkin  WI. Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile–like flavivirus in brains of patients with New York encephalitis. Lancet. 1999;354:1261–2. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Lanciotti  RS, Roehrig  JT, Deubel  V, Smith  J, Parker  M, Steele  K, Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science. 1999;286:2333–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Morse  SS. Emerging viruses. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
  4. Halstead  SB. Epidemiology of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In: Kuno DJGaG, editor. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. New York: CAB International; 1997. p. 23–44.
  5. Gubler  DJ. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:480–96.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Rosen  L. The emperor’s new clothes revisited, or reflections on the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1977;26:337–43.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Gubler  DJ, Reed  D, Rosen  L, Hitchcock  JR Jr. Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic observations on dengue in the Kingdom of Tonga. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978;27:581–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Gubler  DJ, Suharyono  W, Lubis  I, Eram  S, Gunarso  S. Epidemic dengue 3 in central Java, associated with low viremia in man. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30:1094–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Guzman  MG, Kouri  GP, Bravo  J, Soler  M, Velasquez  S, Morier  L. Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Cuba. A retrospective seroepidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990;42:179–84.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Rico-Hesse  R, Harrison  LM, Salas  RA, Tovar  D, Nisalak  A, Ramos  C, Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology. 1997;230:244–51. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Dengue type 3 infection. Nicaragua and Panama, October–November 1994. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1995;70:41–3.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Gubler  DJ. The global pandemic of dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever: current status and prospects for the future. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1998;27:227–34.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Guzman  M, Huelva  G, Saenz  E, Quiroz  E, De los Reyes  J, Balmaseda  A. Reintroduccion del dengue 3 en las Americas: 1994–1996. Archivos Venezolanos de Medicina Tropial. 1998;2:8–19.
  14. Balmaseda  A, Sandoval  E, Perez  L, Gutierrez  CM, Harris  E. Application of molecular typing techniques in the 1998 dengue epidemic in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61:893–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Nogueira  RM, Miagostovich  MP, de Filippis  AM, Pereira  MA, Schatzmayr  HG. Dengue virus type 3 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96:925–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Usuku  S, Castillo  L, Sugimoto  C, Noguchi  Y, Yogo  Y, Kobayashi  N. Phylogenetic analysis of dengue-3 viruses prevalent in Guatemala during 1996–1998. Arch Virol. 2001;146:1381–90. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Chungue  E, Deubel  V, Cassar  O, Laille  M, Martin  PM. Molecular epidemiology of dengue 3 viruses and genetic relatedness among dengue 3 strains isolated from patients with mild or severe form of dengue fever in French Polynesia. J Gen Virol. 1993;74:2765–70. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Leitmeyer  KC, Vaughn  DW, Watts  DM, Salas  RA, de Chacon  IV, Ramos  C, Dengue virus structural differences that correlate with pathogenesis. J Virol. 1999;73:4738–47.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Srivastava  VK, Suri  S, Bhasin  A, Srivastava  L, Bharadwaj  M. An epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in Delhi: a clinical study. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1990;10:329–34.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Vitarana  UT, Jayasekera  N, Withane  N, Gubler  DJ. Finding the cause of dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Sri Lanka. Arbovirus Research in Australia. 1993;6:125–9.
  21. Messer  WB, Sivananthan  K, Elvitigala  J, Preethimala  LD, Ramesh  R, Withana  N, Epidemiology of dengue in Sri Lanka before and after the emergence of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:765–73.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. de Silva  AM, Sivananthan  K, Withana  N, Vorndam  V, Gubler  DJ. Dengue 3 virus is responsible for recent epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Sri Lanka. In: Annual Meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. San Juan, Puerto Rico; 1998.
  23. Lanciotti  RS, Lewis  JG, Gubler  DJ, Trent  DW. Molecular evolution and epidemiology of dengue-3 viruses. J Gen Virol. 1994;75:65–75. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Rico-Hesse  R, Harrison  LM, Salas  RA, Tovar  D, Nisalak  A, Ramos  C, Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology. 1997;230:244–51. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Kobayashi  N, Thayan  R, Sugimoto  C, Oda  K, Saat  Z, Vijayamalar  B, Type-3 dengue viruses responsible for the dengue epidemic in Malaysia during 1993–1994. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60:904–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Rico-Hesse  R. Molecular evolution and distribution of dengue viruses type 1 and 2 in nature. Virology. 1990;174:479–93. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Lewis  JA, Chang  GJ, Lanciotti  RS, Kinney  RM, Mayer  LW, Trent  DW. Phylogenetic relationships of dengue-2 viruses. Virology. 1993;197:216–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Wang  E, Ni  H, Xu  R, Barrett  AD, Watowich  SJ, Gubler  DJ, Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. J Virol. 2000;74:3227–34. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Gubler  D. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem. In: Kuno DGaG, editor. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. New York: CAB International; 1997.
  30. Isturiz  RE, Gubler  DJ, Brea del Castillo  J. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Latin America and the Caribbean. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2000;14:121–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Briseno-Garcia  B, Gomez-Dantes  H, Argott-Ramirez  E, Montesano  R, Vazquez-Martinez  AL, Ibanez-Bernal  S, Potential risk for dengue hemorrhagic fever: the isolation of serotype dengue-3 in Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996;2:133–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Gubler  DJ, Sather  GE, Kuno  G, Cabral  JR. Dengue 3 virus transmission in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35:1280–4.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Kanesa-thasan  N, Chang  GJ, Smoak  BL, Magill  A, Burrous  MJ, Hoke  CH Jr. Molecular and epidemiologic analysis of dengue virus isolates from Somalia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:299–303. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Gubler  DJ, Trent  DW. Emergence of epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the Americas. Infect Agents Dis. 1993;2:383–93.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Gubler  DJ, Suharyono  W, Lubis  I, Eram  S, Sulianti Saroso  J. Epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural Indonesia. I. Virological and epidemiological studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979;28:701–10.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Lee  E, Gubler  DJ, Weir  RC, Dalgarno  L. Genetic and biological differentiation of dengue 3 isolates obtained from clinical cases in Java, Indonesia, 1976–1978. Arch Virol. 1993;133:113–25. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Kochel  TJ, Watts  DM, Halstead  SB, Hayes  CG, Espinoza  A, Felices  V. Effect of dengue-1 antibodies on American dengue-2 viral infection and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 2002;360:310–2. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: December 22, 2010
Page updated: December 22, 2010
Page reviewed: December 22, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external