Volume 9, Number 9—September 2003
Research
Dyspepsia Symptoms and Helicobacter pylori Infection, Nakuru, Kenya
Haim Shmuely*
, Samson Obure†, Douglas J. Passaro‡, Galia Abuksis*, Jacob Yahav*, Gerald Fraser*, Silvio Pitlik*, and Yaron Niv*
, Samson Obure†, Douglas J. Passaro‡, Galia Abuksis*, Jacob Yahav*, Gerald Fraser*, Silvio Pitlik*, and Yaron Niv*
Table 2
Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal symptoms among 276 residents of Nakuru, Kenya
| Risk factor | Casesa N=138 (%) | Controlsb N=138 (%) | OR (95% CI)c | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helicobacter pylori infection |
98/138 (71) |
70/138 (51) |
2.4 (1.5 to 3.9) |
<0.001 |
| Less educationd,e |
42/114 (37) |
16/106 (15) |
3.3 (1.71 to 6.27) |
<0.001 |
| >7 siblingsd |
77/114 (68) |
44/105 (42) |
2.9 (1.7 to 5.0) |
<0.001 |
| Manual laborerd,f |
32/91 (35) |
9/73 (12) |
3.9 (1.7 to 8.6) |
<0.001 |
| Female gender |
81/138 (59) |
56/138 (41) |
2.1 (1.3 to 3.4) |
0.003 |
| Alcohol used |
8/113 (7) |
21/104 (20) |
0.3 (0.1 to 0.7) |
0.005 |
| Ever smokedd |
6/115 (7) |
3/105 (3) |
1.9 (0.5 to 7.0) |
0.4 |
| Urban residenceg |
86/138 (62) |
80/138 (58) |
1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) |
0.5 |
| Age, median (range) | 30 y (1–62) | 23 y (2–74) | 0.001 |
aPersons with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
bPersons without upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
cOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
dAdults >21 years of age.
eUp to 8th grade.
fManual laborers versus persons in clerical or professional fields or housewives.
gCity or town versus rural.
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