Volume 9, Number 9—September 2003
Research
Dyspepsia Symptoms and Helicobacter pylori Infection, Nakuru, Kenya
Haim Shmuely*
, Samson Obure†, Douglas J. Passaro‡, Galia Abuksis*, Jacob Yahav*, Gerald Fraser*, Silvio Pitlik*, and Yaron Niv*
, Samson Obure†, Douglas J. Passaro‡, Galia Abuksis*, Jacob Yahav*, Gerald Fraser*, Silvio Pitlik*, and Yaron Niv*
Table 3
Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal symptoms among 276 residents of Nakuru, Kenya
| All ages | Adults >21 y | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor |
OR (95%CI)a |
p value |
OR (95%CI) |
p value |
| Helicobacter pylori infection |
2.2 (1.3 to 3.8) |
0.003 |
2.2 (1.1 to 4.8) |
0.03 |
| Age (y) |
||||
| 0–20 |
1.0b |
—b |
—c |
—c |
| 21–30 |
0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) |
0.3 |
1.0 b |
—c |
| 31–40 |
2.1 (1.0 to 4.7) |
0.06 |
1.5 (0.7 to 3.4) |
0.3 |
| 41–50 |
(1.2 to 11.4) |
0.02 |
3.5 (1.1 to 11.1) |
0.03 |
| >50 |
(0.9 to 13.2) |
0.06 |
2.0 (1.4 to 9.0) |
0.4 |
| Female gender |
2.2 (1.3 to 3.7) |
0.003 |
—d |
— |
| >7 siblings |
—c |
— |
3.2 (1.5 to 7.0) |
0.003 |
| Manual laborer |
—c |
— |
3.5 (1.4 to 9.3) |
0.003 |
| Ever smoked |
—c |
19.4 (1.5 to 256.7) |
0.02 |
|
| Alcohol use | —c | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.0) | 0.05 | |
aOR, odds ration; CI, confidence interval; —, not applicable.
bReference group.
cVariable not included in all-ages model.
dRemoved by backwards-elimination logistic regression.
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