Online Reports
Volume 29—2023
Volume 29, Number 3—March 2023

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics
The pathogens that cause most emerging infectious diseases in humans originate in animals, particularly wildlife, and then spill over into humans. The accelerating frequency with which humans and domestic animals encounter wildlife because of activities such as land-use change, animal husbandry, and markets and trade in live wildlife has created growing opportunities for pathogen spillover. The risk of pathogen spillover and early disease spread among domestic animals and humans, however, can be reduced by stopping the clearing and degradation of tropical and subtropical forests, improving health and economic security of communities living in emerging infectious disease hotspots, enhancing biosecurity in animal husbandry, shutting down or strictly regulating wildlife markets and trade, and expanding pathogen surveillance. We summarize expert opinions on how to implement these goals to prevent outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.
EID | Vora NM, Hannah L, Walzer C, Vale MM, Lieberman S, Emerson A, et al. Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(3):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2903.221079 |
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AMA | Vora NM, Hannah L, Walzer C, et al. Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2023;29(3):1-9. doi:10.3201/eid2903.221079. |
APA | Vora, N. M., Hannah, L., Walzer, C., Vale, M. M., Lieberman, S., Emerson, A....Epstein, J. H. (2023). Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2903.221079. |
Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023

Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020
During the 10th outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale strategically positioned 13 decentralized field laboratories with dedicated equipment to quickly detect cases as the outbreak evolved. The laboratories were operated by national staff, who quickly handed over competencies and skills to local persons to successfully manage future outbreaks. Laboratories analyzed ≈230,000 Ebola diagnostic samples under stringent biosafety measures, documentation, and database management. Field laboratories diversified their activities (diagnosis, chemistry and hematology, survivor follow-up, and genomic sequencing) and shipped 127,993 samples from the field to a biorepository in Kinshasa under good conditions. Deploying decentralized and well-equipped laboratories run by local personnel in at-risk countries for Ebola virus disease outbreaks is an efficient response; all activities are quickly conducted in the field.
EID | Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Mambu-Mbika F, De Weggheleire A, Edidi-Atani F, Bulabula-Penge J, Mfumu M, et al. Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2901.221025 |
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AMA | Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Mambu-Mbika F, De Weggheleire A, et al. Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2023;29(1):1-9. doi:10.3201/eid2901.221025. |
APA | Mukadi-Bamuleka, D., Mambu-Mbika, F., De Weggheleire, A., Edidi-Atani, F., Bulabula-Penge, J., Mfumu, M....Ahuka-Mundeke, S. (2023). Efficiency of Field Laboratories for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak during Chronic Insecurity, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2018–2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2901.221025. |