Volume 10, Number 3—March 2004
Research
Legionella Infection Risk from Domestic Hot Water
Paola Borella*
, M. Teresa Montagna†, Vincenzo Romano-Spica‡§, Serena Stampi¶, Giovanna Stancanelli#, Maria Triassi**, Rachele Neglia*, Isabella Marchesi*, Guglielmina Fantuzzi*, Daniela Tatò†, Christian Napoli†, Gianluigi Quaranta‡, Patrizia Laurenti‡, Erica Leoni¶, Giovanna De Luca§, Cristina Ossi#, Matteo Moro#, and Gabriella Ribera D’Alcalà**
, M. Teresa Montagna†, Vincenzo Romano-Spica‡§, Serena Stampi¶, Giovanna Stancanelli#, Maria Triassi**, Rachele Neglia*, Isabella Marchesi*, Guglielmina Fantuzzi*, Daniela Tatò†, Christian Napoli†, Gianluigi Quaranta‡, Patrizia Laurenti‡, Erica Leoni¶, Giovanna De Luca§, Cristina Ossi#, Matteo Moro#, and Gabriella Ribera D’Alcalà**
Table 2
Chemical, physical, and microbiologic characteristics of the examined hot water samples
| Characteristic | Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca (mg/L) |
85.0 |
33.0 |
0.1 |
252.0 |
|
| Mg (mg/L) |
17.6 |
10.6 |
0.1 |
90.1 |
|
| Total hardness (°F) |
28.3 |
11.4 |
0.3 |
100.1 |
|
| Sampling temperature (°C) |
41.9 |
12.4 |
17.0 |
65.0 |
|
| Operating temperature (°C) |
52.9 |
10.0 |
20.0 |
90.0 |
|
| Geometric mean |
Median |
5th percentile |
95th percentile |
||
| Fe (μg/L) |
15.0 |
21.0 |
0.1 |
171.5 |
|
| Mn (μg/L) |
2.4 |
3.0 |
0.1 |
13.9 |
|
| Cu (μg/L) |
11.5 |
14.2 |
0.1 |
87.5 |
|
| Zn (μg/L) |
62.6 |
100.0 |
1 |
776.4 |
|
| Free Cl (μg/L) |
9.2 |
26.4 |
0.0 |
250.0 |
|
| Oxidizability (mg/L O2) |
0.63 |
0.64 |
0.24 |
1.70 |
|
| Pseudomonas spp. (CFU/100 mL)a |
139.2 |
223.6 |
1.0 |
1.0 × 104 |
|
| Total count at 36°C (CFU/mL)a |
98.6 |
95.0 |
3.4 |
1.7 × 103 |
|
| Total count at 22°C (CFU/mL)a | 50.4 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 × 103 | |
aPositive samples only.
Page created: February 08, 2011
Page updated: February 08, 2011
Page reviewed: February 08, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.