Volume 13, Number 7—July 2007
Research
Antiretroviral Therapy during Tuberculosis Treatment and Marked Reduction in Death Rate of HIV-Infected Patients, Thailand1
Table 3
Univariate analysis of risk factors for death among HIV-infected TB patients with outcomes of cured, completed, failed, or died, stratified by all patients versus pulmonary, smear-positive patients, Ubon-ratchathani, February 2003 through January 2004*
| Characteristic | All TB patients (N = 286) | Smear-positive TB patients (n = 104) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died, no./total (%) | RR (95% CI) | Died, no./total (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 69/193 (36) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 33/72 (46) | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) |
| Female | 30/97 (31) | Ref | 7/35 (20) | Ref |
| Age | ||||
| <18 y | 4/19 (21) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0/1 (0) | 0 (0–0) |
| 18–34 y | 60/168 (36) | Ref | 26/60 (43) | Ref |
| >35 y | 35/103 (34) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 14/46 (30) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
| Type, location of TB | ||||
| Sputum smear-positive, pulmonary | 40/107 (37) | Ref | NA | NA |
| Sputum smear-negative, pulmonary | 38/96 (40) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | NA | NA |
| Extrapulmonary | 21/87 (24) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | NA | NA |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
| >200 | 1/22 (5) | Ref | 0/8 (0) | Ref |
| 100–199 | 5/33 (15) | 3.3 (0.4–26.6) | 2/12 (17) | Undefined |
| 50–99 | 9/35 (26) | 5.7 (0.8–41.6) | 1/10 (10) | Undefined |
| <50 | 22/92 (24) | 5.3 (0.8–37.0) | 9/34 (27) | Undefined |
| Unknown | 62/108 (57) | 12.6 (1.9–86.3) | 28/43 (65) | Undefined |
| Co-trimoxazole during TB treatment | ||||
| Received | 57/208 (27) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 21/71 (30) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
| Did not receive | 42/82 (51) | Ref | 19/36 (53) | Ref |
| Antiretroviral therapy before or during TB treatment | ||||
| Received | 5/71 (7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 1/23 (4) | 0.1 (0.0–0.7) |
| Did not receive | 94/219 (43) | Ref | 39/84 (46) | Ref |
| Sputum culture† | ||||
| Culture positive | 18/60 (30) | Ref | 18/59 (31) | Ref |
| Not culture positive | 81/230 (35) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8)‡ | 22/48 (46) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5)‡ |
| Culture negative | 21/60 (35) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0)‡ | 9/20 (45) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7)‡ |
*TB, tuberculosis; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; Ref, referent; NA, not applicable.
†”Culture positive” includes all patients with a sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). “Not culture positive” includes any patients without a culture positive for MTB, regardless of whether they had a specimen sent for culture or not. “Culture negative” includes only patients with a sputum culture negative for MTB.
‡Compared with culture positive.
Data from this manuscript have been presented in part at the 36th UNION World Conference on Lung Health, Paris, October 2005, and the 15th Annual International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, July 2004.